Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and FallaciesGore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Science
Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and Fallacies
Gore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Astronomy -- Miscellanea; Solar system -- Miscellanea
The constellation Pegasus, Al-Sufi says, "is represented by the figure of
a horse, which has the head, legs, and forepart of the body to the end of
the back, but it has neither hind quarters nor hind legs." According to
Brown, Pegasus was the horse of Poseidon, the sea god. Half of it was
supposed to be hidden in the sea, into which the river Eridanus
flowed.[401] In the Greek mythology it was supposed to represent the
winged horse produced by the blood which fell from the head of Medusa when
she was killed by Perseus! Some think that it represents Bellerophon's
horse, and others the horse of Nimrod. It was also called Sagmaria and
Ephippiatus, and was sometimes represented with a saddle instead of wings.
In describing the constellation Andromeda, Al-Sufi speaks of two series of
stars which start from the great nebula in Andromeda; one series going
through 32 Andromedæ, π, δ and ε to ζ and η; and the other through ν, μ, β
Andromedæ into the constellation Pisces. He says they enclose a
fish-shaped figure called by the Arabians _al-hût_, the Fish, _par
excellence_. He speaks of two other series of stars which begin at τ and
υ, and diverging meet again at χ Persei, forming another "fish-like
figure." The eastern stream starts from τ and passes through 55, γ, 60,
62, 64, and 65 Andromedæ; and the western stream from υ through χ 51, 54,
and _g_ Persei up to χ Persei. The head of the first "fish," _al-hût_, is
turned towards the north, and that of the second towards the south (see
figure).
[Illustration: AL-SUFI'S "FISHES" IN ANDROMEDA.]
Al-Sufi says that the stars α Persei, γ, β, δ, and α Andromedæ, and β
Pegasi form a curved line. This is quite correct, and this fine curve of
bright stars may be seen at a glance on a clear night in September, when
all the stars are high in the sky.
The first constellation of the Zodiac, Aries, the Ram, was called,
according to Aratus and Eratosthenes, κριος. It is mentioned by Ovid under
the name of Hellas. It was also called by the ancients the Ram with the
golden horns. Manilius (fourth century B.C.) called it "The Prince." It is
supposed to have represented the god Bel. Among the Accadians the sign
meant "He who dwells on the altar of uprightness." It first appears on the
Egyptian Zodiac; and it was sacred to Jupiter Ammon. In the Greek
mythology it was supposed to represent the ram, the loss of whose fleece
led to the voyage of the Argonauts. In the time of Hipparchus, about 2000
years ago, it was the first sign of the Zodiac, or that in which the sun
is situated at the Vernal Equinox (about March 21 in each year). But owing
to the precession of the equinoxes, this point has now moved back into
Pisces.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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