Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and FallaciesGore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Science
Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and Fallacies
Gore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Astronomy -- Miscellanea; Solar system -- Miscellanea
Gemini, the Twins, is the third constellation of the Zodiac. It was also
called Gemelli, etc. According to Dupuis it represents the 11th "labour of
Hercules"--his triumph over the dog Cerberus.[408] But some of Dupuis'
ideas seem very fanciful. The Twins are usually called Castor and Pollux,
but they were also called by the ancient writers Apollo and Hercules;
Jason and Triptolemus; Amphion and Zethus; and Theseus and Peritheus. In
Egypt they represented the deities Horus and Hippocrates. Brown thinks
that the "Great Twins" were originally the sun and moon, "who live
alternately. As one is born the other dies; as one rises the other
sets."[409] This applies to the full moon, but does not seem applicable to
the other lunar phases.
Gemini was the constellation to which Dante supposed himself transported
when he visited the stellar heavens.[410] He says he was born under the
influence of this "sign."
Cancer, the Crab, is the next sign of the Zodiac. In the Greek mythology
it was supposed to have been placed in the sky by Juno to commemorate the
crab which pinched the toes of Hercules in the Lernæan marsh. The Greek
name was τυβι. According to Dupuis it represents the 12th "labour of
Hercules"--his capture of the golden apples in the Garden of the
Hesperides, which were guarded by a Dragon. This Dragon is Draco, which
was also called Custos Hesperidum.[411] But the connection between a crab
and the myth of the golden apples is not obvious--unless some reference to
"crab apples" is intended! Among the Romans, Cancer was consecrated to
Mercury, and by the ancient Egyptians to their god Anubis.
The well-known cluster in Cancer called the Præsape, Al-Sufi says, is "a
little spot which resembles a cloud, and is surrounded by four stars, two
to the west [η and θ Cancri] and two to the east" [γ and δ]. This cluster
is mentioned by Aratus, who calls it the "Manger." The word Præsape is
often translated "Beehive," but there can be no doubt that it really means
"Manger," referring to the stars γ and δ Cancri, which the ancients called
Aselli, the ass's colts. These were supposed to represent the asses which
in the war of Jupiter against the Giants helped his victory by their
braying!
Admiral Smyth says in his _Bedford Catalogue_ (p. 202) that he found γ and
δ Cancri both of 4th magnitude; but the photometric measures show that δ
is now distinctly brighter than γ. An occultation of δ Cancri by the moon
is recorded as having occurred on September 3, B.C. 240.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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