Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and FallaciesGore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Science
Astronomical Curiosities: Facts and Fallacies
Gore, J. Ellard (John Ellard)
Astronomy -- Miscellanea; Solar system -- Miscellanea
The little constellation Canis Minor, the Little Dog, lies south of Gemini
and Cancer. Small as it is, it was one of the original forty-eight
constellations of Ptolemy. In the Greek mythology it was supposed to
represent either one of Diana's hunting dogs, or one of Orion's hounds.
Ovid calls it the dog of Icarus. Others say it was the dog of Helen, who
was carried off by Paris. According to the old poets, Orion's dog, or the
dog of Icarus, threw himself into a well after seeing his master perish.
The name Fovea, given to the constellation by Bayer, signifies a pit where
corn was deposited. This comes from the fact that the rising of the star
Procyon (α Canis Minoris) indicated the season of abundance. But Lalande
thought it more probable that the idea of a pit came from the Greek
σειρος, which means a corn store, and that it was confounded with Sirius.
The name of the bright star Procyon (α Canis Minoris) is derived from the
Greek προκυων, "the advanced day," because it appeared in the morning sky
before Sirius. Procyon was called by the Hindoos Hanouman after their
famous monkey god, from whose tail a bridge is said to have been formed to
enable the army of Rama to pass from India to Ceylon. Al-Sufi says that
the star was marked on the old astrolabes as _al-schira al-schamia_, "the
Syrian Sirius." It was also called, he says, _al-schira al-gumaisa_, "the
Sirius with blear eyes" (!) from weeping because Sirius had passed across
the Milky Way, Procyon remaining on the eastern side. Here we have the
same legend again. The proper motion of Procyon (about the same in amount
and direction as that of Sirius) shows that the star has been on the
eastern side of the Milky Way for many ages past. About 60,000 years
hence, Procyon will be near the star θ Canis Majoris, and will then--like
Sirius--have passed across the Milky Way.
Argo, the Ship, is a large constellation south of Hydra, Monoceros, and
Canis Major. It is called by Al-Sufi _al-safîna_, "the Ship." It is
supposed to represent the first ship ever built. The name is derived from
the builder Argo, or from the Greek word Αργος. This ship is said to have
been built in Thessaly by order of Minerva and Neptune, to go on the
expedition for the conquest of the golden fleece. The date of this
expedition, commanded by Jason, is usually fixed at 1300 or 1400 B.C. With
reference to the position of this supposed ship in the sky, Proctor says,
"It is noteworthy that when we make due correction for the effects of
precession during the past 4000 years, the old constellation Argo is set
on an even keel, instead of being tilted some 45° to the horizon, as at
present when due south." He connects Argo with Noah's Ark.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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