Astronomy in a nutshell : $b The chief facts and principles explained in popular language for the general reader and for schoolsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy in a nutshell : $b The chief facts and principles explained in popular language for the general reader and for schools
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy -- Juvenile literature
the rate of at least 400,000,000 miles per year, toward the northern
quarter of the sky. The path pursued by the sun appears to be straight,
although it may, in fact, be a curve so large that we are unable in the
course of a lifetime, or many lifetimes, to detect its departure from a
direct line. At any rate we know that, as the earth accompanies the sun,
we are continually moving into new regions of space.
It has been stated that many millions of stars are visible with
telescopes—perhaps a hundred millions, or even more. The great majority
of these are found in a broad irregular band, extending entirely round
the sky, and called the Milky Way, or the Galaxy. To the naked eye the
Milky Way appears as a softly shining baldric encircling the heavens,
but the telescope shows that it consists of multitudes of faint stars,
whose minuteness is probably mainly due to the immensity of their
distance, although it may be partly a result of their relative lack of
actual size, or luminosity. In many parts of the Milky Way the stars
appear so crowded that they present the appearance of sparkling clouds.
The photographs of these aggregations of stars in the Milky Way, made by
Barnard, are marvellous beyond description. In the Milky Way, and
sometimes outside it, there exist globular star-clusters, in which the
stars seem so crowded toward the centre that it is impossible to
separate them with a telescope, and the effect is that of a glistering
ball made up of thousands of silvery particles, like a heap of
microscopic thermometer bulbs in the sunshine. A famous cluster of this
kind is found in the constellation Hercules.
The Milky Way evidently has the form of a vast wreath, made up of many
interlaced branches, some of which extend considerably beyond its mean
borders. Within, this starry wreath space is relatively empty of stars,
although some thousands do exist there, of which the sun is one. We are
at present situated not very far from the centre of the opening within
the ring or wreath, but the proper motion of the sun is carrying us
across this comparatively open space, and in the course of time, if the
direction of our motion does not change, we shall arrive at a point not
far from its northern border. The Milky Way probably indicates the
general plan on which the visible universe is constructed, or what has
been called the architecture of the heavens, but we still know too
little of this plan to be able to say exactly what it is.
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