On the first of November, when Cassiopeia is approaching the meridian overhead, the Great Square, in the constellation Pegasus, is on the meridian south of the zenith, while south-west of Pegasus the zodiacal constellation Aquarius, the Water-Bearer, appears on the ecliptic. A curious scrawling Y-shaped figure in the upper part of Aquarius serves as a mark to identify the constellation. Thirty degrees south of this shines the bright star Fomalhaut, in the constellation Piscis Australis, the Southern Fish. The two stars forming the eastern side of the Great Square of Pegasus are interesting because, like Caph in Cassiopeia, they lie close to the line of the equinoctial colure. The northern one is called Alpheratz and the southern Gamma Pegasi. Alpheratz is a star claimed by two constellations, since it not only marks one corner of the square of Pegasus, but it also serves to indicate the head of the maiden in the celebrated constellation of Andromeda. The first of December, Andromeda is seen nearly overhead, south of Cassiopeia. The constellation is marked by a row of three second-magnitude stars, beginning on the east with Alpheratz and terminating near Perseus with Almaack. The central star is named Mirach. A few degrees north-west of Mirach glimmers the great Andromeda nebula. Below Andromeda, west of the meridian, appears the zodiacal constellation Aries, the Ram, indicated by a group of three stars, forming a triangle, the brightest of which is called Hamal. South-westerly from Aries is the zodiacal constellation Pisces, the Fishes, which consists mainly of faint stars arranged in pairs and running far toward the west along the course of the ecliptic, which crosses the equator at the vernal equinox, near the western end of the constellation. South of Pisces and Aries is the broad constellation Cetus, the Whale, marked by a number of large quadrilateral and pentagonal figures, formed by its stars. Near the centre of this constellation, but not ordinarily visible to the naked eye, is the celebrated variable Mira, also known as Omicron Ceti. With a little application any person can learn to recognise these constellations, even with the slight aid here offered, and if he does, he will find the knowledge thus acquired as delightful as it is useful. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ INDEX Aberration, 88 Alpha Centauri, 145 Alpha Draconis, 62 Altitude, 13, 14 Andromeda, nebula in, 236 Antares, 24 Aphelion, 8 April, aspect of sky in, 251 Arcturus, 224 Asteroids, the, 187 Atmosphere, the, 82 August, aspect of sky in, 253 Azimuth, 13, 14 Beta Aurigæ, 230 Binary (and multiple) stars, 226 Binaries, spectroscopic, 227 Calendar, the, 117 Calorie, measure of sun's heat, 129 Cassiopeia, 22 Cheops, pyramid of, 62 Chromosphere, of sun, 135 Circles, vertical, 15; altitude, 14; division of, 16 Circumpolar stars, 224