inhabited than the earth, and that its inhabitants may consequently have developed a more complete mastery over the powers of nature than we as yet possess. Many astronomers reject these speculations, and even aver that the lines called “canals” (and it must be admitted that many powerful telescopes show few or none of them) have no real existence, what is seen, or imagined to be seen, being due to some peculiarity of the soil, rocks, or atmosphere. Mars has two small satellites, revolving round it with great speed at close quarters. The more distant satellite, Deimos, is 14,600 miles from the centre of Mars and goes round it in 30 hours, 18 min. The nearer one, Phobos, is only 5800 miles from the planet's centre, and its period of revolution is only 7 hours, 39 min., so that it makes more than three circuits while the planet is rotating once on its axis. Both of the satellites are minute in size, probably under ten miles in diameter. * * * * * Beyond Mars, at an average distance of about 246,000,000 miles from the sun, is a system of little planets called asteroids. More than 600 are now known, and new ones are discovered every year, principally by means of photography. Only four of these bodies are of any considerable size, and they were, naturally, the first to be discovered. They are Ceres, diameter 477 miles; Pallas, 304 miles; Vesta, 239 miles; and Juno, 120 miles. Many of the others have a diameter of only about ten, or even, perhaps, as little as five, miles. Their orbits are more eccentric than those of any of the large planets, and one of them, Eros, has a mean distance of 135,000,000 miles, and a least distance of only 105,000,000, so that it is nearer to the sun than Mars is. Eros may, under favourable circumstances, approach within 14,000,000 miles of the earth. This fact, as already mentioned, has been taken advantage of for measuring its distance from the earth, from which the distance of the sun may be calculated with increased accuracy. Eros and some others of the asteroids seem to be of an irregular or fragmentary form, and this has been used to support a theory, which is not, however, generally accepted, that the asteroids are the result of an explosion, by which a larger planet was blown to pieces. * * * * *