Astronomy of To-day: A Popular Introduction in Non-Technical LanguageDolmage, Cecil Goodrich Julius
Science
Astronomy of To-day: A Popular Introduction in Non-Technical Language
Dolmage, Cecil Goodrich Julius
Astronomy
One would very much like to know whether the movement of the sun is
along a straight line, or in an enormous orbit around some centre. The
idea has been put forward that it may be moving around the centre of
gravity of the whole visible stellar universe. Mädler, indeed,
propounded the notion that Alcyone--the chief star in the group known as
the Pleiades--occupied this centre, and that everything revolved around
it. He went even further to proclaim that here was the Place of the
Almighty, the Mansion of the Eternal! But Mädler's ideas upon this point
have long been shelved.
To return to the general question of the proper motion of stars.
In several instances these motions appear to take place in groups, as if
certain stars were in some way associated together. For example, a large
number of the stars composing the Pleiades appear to be moving through
space in the same direction. Also, of the seven stars composing the
Plough, all but two--the star at the end of its "handle," and that one
of the "pointers," as they are called, which is the nearer to the pole
star--have a common proper motion, _i.e._ are moving in the same
direction and nearly at the same rate.
Further still, the well-known Dutch astronomer, Professor Kapteyn, of
Groningen, has lately reached the astonishing conclusion that a great
part of the visible universe is occupied by two vast streams of stars
travelling in opposite directions. In both these great streams, the
individual bodies are found, besides, to be alike in design, alike in
chemical constitution, and alike in the stage of their development.
A fable related by the Persian astronomer, Al Sufi (tenth century, A.D.)
shows well the changes in the face of the sky which proper motions are
bound to produce after great lapses of time. According to this fable the
stars Sirius and Procyon were the sisters of the star Canopus. Canopus
married Rigel (another star,) but, having murdered her, he fled towards
the South Pole, fearing the anger of his sisters. The fable goes on to
relate, among other things, that Sirius followed him across the Milky
Way. Mr. J. E. Gore, in commenting on the story, thinks that it may be
based upon a tradition of Sirius having been seen by the men of the
Stone Age on the opposite side of the Milky Way to that on which it now
is.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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