Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly BodiesTodd, David P. (David Peck)
History
Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies
Todd, David P. (David Peck)
Astronomy
How rapidly the streamers of the corona vary is not known. Occasionally
an observer reports having seen the filaments vibrate rapidly as in the
aurora borealis, but this is not verified by others who saw the same
corona perfectly unmoving. Comparisons of photographs taken at widely
separate stations during the same eclipse have shown that at least the
corona remained stationary for hours at a time. Whether it may be
unchanged at the end of a day, or a week, or a month, is not known;
because no two total eclipses can ever happen nearer each other than
within an interval of 173 days, or one-half of the eclipse year. And
usually the interval between total eclipses is twice or three times this
period.
Theories of what the solar corona may be are very numerous. The extreme
inner corona is perhaps in part a sort of gaseous atmosphere of the sun,
due to matter ejected from the sun, and kept in motion by forces of
ejection, gravity, and repulsion of some sort. Meteoric matter is likely
concerned in it, and Huggins suggested the débris of disintegrating
comets. Schuster was in agreement with Huggins that the brighter
filaments of the corona might be due to electric discharges, but it
seems very unlikely that any single hypothesis can completely account
for the intricate tracery of so complex a phenomenon.
[Illustration: SOLAR CORONA AND PROMINENCES. Photographed during a
total eclipse of the sun, June 8, 1918. (_Courtesy, American
Museum of Natural History._)]
[Illustration: VENUS, SHOWING CRESCENT PHASE OF THE PLANET. Venus
is the earth's nearest neighbor on the side toward the sun.
(_Photo, Yerkes Observatory._)]
[Illustration: MARS, THE PLANET NEXT BEYOND THE EARTH. The
photograph shows one of the white polar caps. The caps are
thought to be snow or ice and may indicate the existence of
atmosphere. (_Photo, Yerkes Observatory._)]
Elaborate spectroscopic programs have been carried out at recent
eclipses, affording evidence that certain regions are due to
incandescent matter of lower temperature than the sun's surface. A small
part of the light of the corona is sunlight reflected from dark
particles possibly meteoric, but more likely dust particles or fog of
some sort. This accounts for the weakened solar spectrum with Fraunhofer
absorption lines, and this part of the light is polarized.
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