Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly BodiesTodd, David P. (David Peck)
History
Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies
Todd, David P. (David Peck)
Astronomy
The interval of thirty-four years between 1799 and 1833 appeared to
indicate the possibility of a return of the shower in November of 1866
or 1867, and all the people of that day were aroused on this subject and
made every preparation to witness the spectacle. Extemporized
observatories were established, watchmen were everywhere on the
lookout, and bells were to be rung the minute the shower began. The
newspapers of the day did little to allay the fears of the multitude,
but the critical days of November, 1866, passed with disappointment in
America. In Europe, however, a fine shower was seen, though it was not
equal to that of 1833. The astronomers at Greenwich counted many
thousand meteors. In November of 1867, however, American astronomers
were gratified by a grand display, which, although failing to match the
general expectation, nevertheless was a most striking spectacle, and the
careful preparation for observing it afforded data of observation which
were of the greatest scientific value. The actual orbits of these bodies
in space became known with great exactitude, and it was found that their
general path was identical with that of the first comet of 1866, which
travels outward somewhat beyond the planet Uranus. When the visible
paths of these meteors are traced backward, all appear as if they
originated from the constellation Leo. So they are known as Leonids, and
a return of the shower was confidently predicted for November,
1900-1901, which for unknown reasons failed to appear.
[Illustration: TWO VIEWS OF HALLEY'S COMET. Taken with the same
camera from the same position, one on May 12, and the other on
May 15, 1910. (_Photo, Mt. Wilson Solar Observatory._)]
[Illustration: SWIFT'S COMET OF 1892. This comet showed
extraordinary and rapid transformations, one day having a dozen
streamers in its tail, another only two. (_Photo by Prof. E. E.
Barnard._)]
[Illustration: A LARGE METEOR TRAIL IN THE FIELD WITH FINE NEBULÆ.
(_Photo, Yerkes Observatory._)]
During the last half century meteors have been pretty systematically
observed, especially by the astronomers of Italy and Denning of England,
so that several hundred distinct showers are now known, their radiant
points fall in every part of the heavens, and there is scarcely a clear
moonless night when careful watching for meteors will be unrewarded.
Besides November, the months of August (Perseids), April (Lyrids), and
December (Geminids) are favorable. Following in tabular form is a fairly
comprehensive list of the meteoric showers of the year, with the
positions of the radiant points and the epochs of the showers according
to Denning:
RADIANT POINT
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