Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly BodiesTodd, David P. (David Peck)
History
Astronomy: The Science of the Heavenly Bodies
Todd, David P. (David Peck)
Astronomy
If we draw arrows on a chart representing the amount and direction of
the proper motions of these stars, these arrows must all converge toward
a point. This shows that their motions are parallel in space. It is a
relatively compact group, and the close convergence shows that their
individual velocities must agree within a small fraction of a kilometer
per second. Radial velocity measures of six of the component stars are
in very satisfactory accord, giving 45.6 kilometers per second for the
entire group.
We can get the transverse velocity, and therefrom the distances of the
stars, which are among the best known in the heavens, because the proper
motions are very accurately known. The mean parallax of the group by
this indirect method comes out 0".025, agreeing almost exactly with the
direct determination by photography, 0".023, by Kapteyn, De Sitter, and
others.
Eddington concludes that this Taurus group is a globular cluster with a
slight central condensation. Its entire diameter is about ten parsecs,
and its known motion enables us to trace its past and future history. It
was nearest the sun 800,000 years ago, when it was at about half its
present distance. Boss calculated that in 65 million years, if the
present motion is maintained, this group will have receded so far as to
appear like an ordinary globular cluster 20' in diameter, its stars
ranging from the ninth to the twelfth apparent magnitude. We may infer
that the motion will likely continue undisturbed, because there are
interspersed among the group many stars not belonging to it, and these
have neither scattered its members nor sensibly interfered with the
parallelism of their motion.
Another moving cluster, the similarity of proper motion of whose
component stars was first pointed out by Proctor, is known as the Ursa
Major system, which embraces primarily Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, and
Zeta Ursæ Majoris, or five of the seven stars that mark the familiar
Dipper. But as many as eight other stars widely scattered are thought to
belong to the same system, including Sirius and Alpha Coronæ Borealis.
The absolute motion amounts to 28.8 kilometers per second, and is
approximately parallel to the Galaxy. Turner has made a model of the
cluster, which has the form of a flat disk.
Among stars of the Orion type of spectrum are several examples of moving
clusters. The Pleiades together with many fainter stars form another
moving cluster; as also do the brighter stars of Orion, together with
the faint cloudlike extensions of the great nebula in Orion, whose
radial velocity agrees with that of the stars in the constellation.
Still another very remarkable moving cluster is in Perseus, first
detected by Eddington, and embracing eighteen stars, the brightest of
which is Alpha Persei.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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