Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical InstrumentsServiss, Garrett Putman
Science
Astronomy with an Opera-glass: A Popular Introduction to the Study of the Starry Heavens with the Simplest of Optical Instruments
Serviss, Garrett Putman
Astronomy
It has been truly said that we have nothing like these
streaks upon the earth, and so there is no analogy to go by in trying to
determine their nature. It has been suggested that if the moon had been
split or shattered from within by some tremendous force, and molten
matter from the interior had been thrust up into the cracks thus formed,
and had cooled there into broad seams of rock, possessing a higher
reflective power than the surrounding surface of the moon, then the
appearances presented would not be unlike what we actually see. But
there are serious objections to such a view, which we have not space to
discuss here. It is enough to say that the nature of these streaks is
still a question awaiting solution, and here is an opportunity for an
important discovery, but not one to be achieved with an opera-glass.
I may add an interesting suggestion as to the nature of these streaks
made by the Rev. Mr. Grensted. He holds that the air and water of the
moon were chemically, and not mechanically, absorbed in the process of
oxidation which went on at the time when her surface temperature was
above a red heat. Having a much larger surface in proportion to her bulk
than the earth, the oxidation of the moon has, he thinks, extended much
deeper than that of the earth, and her atmosphere and oceans have been
exhausted in the process. Both the earth and the moon, he maintains,
have metallic nuclei, and the streaks about Tycho and Copernicus, and
some other lunar craters, may be dikes of pure and shining metal, which
have escaped oxidation owing to the comparatively small supply of lunar
oxygen. Upon this theory Aristarchus must be a metallic mountain.
[Illustration: SUNRISE ON CLAVIUS, TYCHO, PLATO, ETC.]
Clavius (11) is one of the most impressive of all the lunar formations.
There probably does not exist anywhere upon the earth so wild a scene
upon a corresponding scale of grandeur. Of course, its details are far
beyond the reach of the instrument we are supposed to be using, and yet,
even with a field-glass, or a powerful opera-glass, some of its main
features are visible. It is represented in our picture of the half-moon,
being the lowest and largest of the ring-like forms seen at the inner
edge of the illuminated half of the disk; the rays of the rising sun
touching the summits of some of the peaks in its interior have brought
them into sight as a point of light, and at the same time, reaching
across the gulf within, have lighted up the higher slopes of the great
mountain-wall on the farther or eastern side of the crater-valley,
making it resemble a semicircle of light projecting into the blackness
of the still unilluminated plains around it. I should advise every
reader to take advantage of any opportunity that may be presented to him
to see Clavius with a powerful telescope when the sun is either rising
or setting upon it. Neison has given a spirited description of the
scene, as follows:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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