Athletics and Games of the Ancient GreeksPlummer, Edward M. (Edward Marwick)
History
Athletics and Games of the Ancient Greeks
Plummer, Edward M. (Edward Marwick)
Athletics; Olympics
The game of king (βασιλίνδα) consisted of feats, done by one child at
the bidding of another, as a soldier would obey a king. Who should be
king and who soldier was decided by lot.
A favorite pastime with children was the game called ἀρτιασμός or “Odd
and Even” (_Pollux_ ix, 101), in which they guessed whether the number
of objects one held concealed in his hand was odd or even. Dice, nuts,
coins, etc., were used for this purpose. The amount won or lost was
either the articles themselves or a sum of money staked upon the guess.
Horace also in the Satires alludes to this game under the name _ludere
par impar_ (_Satires_ 2, 3; 248). Still another game of guessing was
κολλαβισμός, in which a child, with closed eyes, guessed who had given
him a box on the ears, and also which hand he had used in striking him.
Greek children often played at the game called “hunt the slipper”
(σχοινοφιλίνδα), a piece of rope being used instead of the slipper. The
modern “hide and seek” was the Greek ἀποδιδρασκίνδα. “Kiss in the ring”
(κυνητίνδα) is another ancient game of which, however, we possess no
correct details. “Ride a cock horse” (κάλαμου περιβῆναι) was also an
amusement of great antiquity, and was very popular both in Greece and
in Rome. Horace in the Satires (2, 3: 248) refers to this sport in the
following words: _equitare in arundine longa_.
The Greek and Roman children played several games of skill with nuts,
which resembled very closely our modern game of marbles. Nuts played
so important a part in childish sports that _nuces relinquere_ became
a proverbial expression for “putting away childish things.” The nuts
were pitched into a circle drawn on the ground called ὤμιλλα (_Pollux_
ix, 102-3) or into a hole βόθρος dug in the ground. Those that fell
outside the circle were forfeited. The name delta was given to a
certain game with nuts in which a triangle was chalked on the ground,
and marked across with lines or bars running parallel to the base. The
player then flipped nuts into the triangle, winning as many nuts as
he crossed bars, provided, of course, that they did not roll outside
the triangle, in which case they were forfeited. Therefore, the most
skilful play consisted in driving the nut exactly to the apex of the
triangle.
The ball (σφαῖρα) was not only a favorite toy among children, but it
also played an important part in the physical exercises of youths and
adults. No other gymnastic exercise was so popular among the Greeks
and Romans of different periods as the ball games, though regarded
less as a game than as an exercise for strengthening the muscles and
cultivating grace and symmetry of body.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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