Auroræ: Their Characters and SpectraCapron, J. Rand
History
Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra
Capron, J. Rand
Auroras
Next to the Geissler air-tube I examined an “aurora”-tube, about 15
inches long and 1¼ inch across, with platinum terminals, and of the same
diameter throughout (Plate X. fig. 8). The discharge was of a rosy-red
colour, and the long flickering stream from pole to pole certainly
much reminded one optically of an auroral streamer. Spectroscopically
examined, the discharge presented a faint banded air-spectrum similar to
that of the positive pole (see Plate XV. spectrum 4); but the relative
intensity of the lines was somewhat altered, while a very bright line
in the green (seen also in the tube next described) was characteristic
of the spectrum, and in this respect distinguished it from the ordinary
air-spectrum.
_Phosphorescent tube._
[Sidenote: Phosphorescent tube described. Discharge described. Spectrum
described.]
Following this last tube I examined one purchased as “phosphorescent.”
It was rather short (6½ inches), of equal calibre, and about the size of
the bulb of a Geissler tube. It was filled with a white powder (probably
one of the Becquerel compounds). On passing the current between the
electrodes, a bright rose-coloured stream appeared; and wherever this
was in contact with the powder, the tube glowed with a brilliant green
light. On stopping the current, the tube still continued to shine, but
with a fainter green glow, which gave only a continuous spectrum. When
examined in full glow, the tube-spectrum was also in the main continuous
and of a green tinge; but upon it were bright lines in the blue and
violet portions of the spectrum, while in the red, yellow, and green a
faint but distinct air-spectrum was seen; and with this was also found
the same bright line in the green which distinguished the “aurora”-tube.
[Five out of six of the lines in the blue and violet will be also found
in Schuster’s oxygen-tube, violet pole (Plate XVIII. fig. 15). The
air-spectrum probably arose from impurity.]
[Illustration: Plate XVI.]
_Spark in Air._
[Sidenote: Spark in air: spectrum described.]
I next took a ½-inch spark in air between platinum terminals (see Plate
XV. spectrum 6). The principal lines in this spectrum were the line α
(by far the brightest), corresponding to γ in the violet pole; next was
β, a line in the yellow, not appearing in the tube-spectrum, and then
other lines of less intensity. In the “aurora” and “phosphorescent” tubes
was found, as before mentioned, a line in the green prominent for its
brightness, and, indeed, in the “aurora”-tube the only one which survived
when it was moved away from the slit. This line also appeared in the
spark-spectrum, but there only of an average brightness. I examined it
carefully for position in the respective tubes; and on comparing them by
means of a pointer in the eyepiece, found it coincident with the ridge or
centre of the wedge-like bright-green broad band which is so conspicuous
in the air-tube spectrum.
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