Auroræ: Their Characters and SpectraCapron, J. Rand
History
Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra
Capron, J. Rand
Auroras
Mr. George Draper, of the British-Indian Submarine Telegraph Company,
speaking of the Aurora of February 4, 1872 (and writing to the ‘Times’
under date February 5th), states that the Aurora visible in London
was also visible at Bombay, Suez, and Malta, and that the Company’s
electrician at Suez reported that the earth-currents there were equal
to 170 cells (Daniell’s battery), and that sparks came from the cable.
The electrical disturbances lasted until midnight, and interrupted the
working of both sections of the British Indian Cable between Suez and
Aden, and Aden and Bombay. For some days previously the signals on the
British Indian cables had been much interfered with by electrical and
atmospheric disturbances.
At Malta there was a severe storm on the morning of the 4th, so that it
was necessary to join the cable to earth for some hours, and the Aurora
was very large and brilliant there.
The electrical disturbances on the cables in the Mediterranean and on
those between Lisbon and Gibraltar, and Gibraltar and the Guadiana, were
also very great. The signals on the land line between London and the
Land’s End were interrupted for several hours on the night of the 4th by
atmospheric currents. Similar effects accompanied the displays of Oct. 24
and 25, 1870.
_Aurora and Meteoric Dust._
[Sidenote: Aurora and meteoric dust. Theories of Dr. Zeyfuss and M.
Gröneman.]
A theory has been propounded independently by Dr. Zeyfuss and by M.
Gröneman, of Gröningen, according to which the light of the Aurora is
caused by clouds of ferruginous meteoric dust ignited by friction with
the atmosphere. Gröneman shows that these might be arranged along the
magnetic curves by the action of the earth’s magnetic force during their
descent, and that their influence might produce the observed magnetic
disturbances.
[Sidenote: Ferruginous dust in the Polar Regions.]
The arches might be accounted for by the effects of perspective; and the
iron spectrum shows correspondence with some of the lines of the Aurora.
Ferruginous particles have been found in the dust of the Polar regions
according to Professor Nordenskiöld, but whether derived from stellar
space or from volcanic eruption is uncertain. A difficulty has been
suggested that while meteors are more frequent in the morning, or on the
face of the earth which is directed forward on its orbit, the reverse
prevails in the case of Auroræ. Gröneman meets this by supposing that in
the first case the velocity may be too great to allow of arrangement by
the earth’s magnetic force. He accounts for the infrequency of the Aurora
in equatorial regions by the weakness of the earth’s magnetic force, and
the fact that when it does occur the columns must be parallel to the
earth’s surface.
[Sidenote: Baumhauer’s proposition.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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