Auroræ: Their Characters and SpectraCapron, J. Rand
History
Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra
Capron, J. Rand
Auroras
Baumhauer (Compt. Rend. vol. lxxiv. p. 678) advances, as regards Polar
Auroræ, the proposition, that not only solid masses large and small, but
clouds of “uncondensed” (meteoric) matter probably enter our atmosphere.
If from our knowledge of the meteoric stones which fall to the earth’s
surface we may draw any conclusion respecting the chemical constitution
of these clouds of matter, it would appear that they may contain a
considerable portion of the magnetic minerals iron and nickel. Let
such a cloud approach our earth, regarded as a great magnet, it would
be attracted towards the Pole, and, penetrating our atmosphere, the
particles which have not been oxidized, and are in a state of extremely
fine division, would by their oxidation generate light and heat,
producing the polar Auroræ. Baumhauer suggests it would be interesting
in support of this theory to detect in the soil of polar areas the
presence of nickel. The presence of iron and nickel in meteoric masses
in considerable quantities is frequent; and cases are also on record by
Eversmann of hailstones containing crystals of a compound of iron and
sulphur, by Pictet of hailstones containing nuclei which proved to be
iron, and by Cozari of hailstones containing nuclei of an ashy-grey
colour, the larger ones of which were attracted by the magnet, and found
to contain iron and nickel. Nickel was found by Reichenbach in parts of
Austria on hills consisting of beds of sandstone and limestone, and quite
free from metallic veins.
[Sidenote: Mr. Lefroy’s description of a phenomenon ascribed by him to
streams of cosmic dust.]
Mr. J. W. N. Lefroy, in ‘Nature,’ describes a phenomenon seen by him
at Fremantle, West Australia, in the month of May, which he designates
“A Lunar Rainbow, or an Intra-lunar convergence of Streams of slightly
illuminated Cosmic Dust?”
It lasted about three quarters of an hour, and consisted of one grand
central feather, of very bright white cloud, springing out of the horizon
at W.N.W., and crossing the meridian at about 20° north of the zenith,
with a width of 7° to 8°.
On either side of this was a system of seven or eight minor beams of
light, extending from the W. to the E. horizon, subtending a chord common
to themselves and to the main stream, and converging towards the axis
of the central stream so as to intersect it at a point about 30° or
40° below the western horizon, at which the whole system subtended an
azimuth of about 20°. Near the zenith, where its transverse section was a
maximum, that section subtended an angle of about 40°.
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