Auroræ: Their Characters and SpectraCapron, J. Rand
History
Auroræ: Their Characters and Spectra
Capron, J. Rand
Auroras
M. Planté has performed some experiments with a very considerable series
of secondary batteries. By inserting the positive electrode after the
negative in a vessel of salt water, luminous and other effects were
observed which were considered to have a strong resemblance to those of
Auroræ.
M. Planté advocates the theory that the imperfect vacuum of the upper
regions, acting like a large conductor, plays the part of the negative
electrode in his experiments, while the positive electricity flows
towards the planetary spaces, and not towards the ground, through the
mists and ice-clouds which float above the Poles.
[Sidenote: M. Planté’s experiments producing a corona, an arc, or a
sinuous line.]
In an article in ‘Nature,’ March 14, 1878, a further account is given
of M. Planté’s experiments, under the head of “Polar Auroræ;” and it is
stated that, in these experiments, the electric current, in presence
of aqueous vapour, yielded a series of results altogether analogous to
the various phases of Polar Auroræ. If the positive electrode of the
secondary battery was brought into contact with the sides of a vessel
of salt water, there was observed, according to the distance of the
film (electrode?) from the liquid, either a corona formed of luminous
particles arranged in a circle round the electrode (fig. 2, p. 90), an
arc bordered with a fringe of brilliant rays (fig. 3), or a sinuous line
which rapidly folded and refolded on itself (fig. 4). This undulatory
movement, in particular, formed a complete analogy with what had been
compared in Auroræ to the undulations of a serpent, or to those of
drapery agitated by the wind. The rustling noise accompanying the
experiment was analogous to that sometimes said to accompany Auroræ, and
was caused by the luminous electric discharge penetrating the moisture.
As in Auroræ, magnetic perturbations were produced by bringing a needle
near the circuit, the deviation increasing with the development of the
arch.
The Auroræ were produced by positive electricity, the negative electrode
producing nothing similar.
Illustrations of these miniature Auroræ are given in ‘Nature,’ and
reproduced on p. 90. No mention of any spectroscopic observations is made.
[Sidenote: Mr. Holden’s views.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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