" Foraminifera, 97 " gasteropods, 196 " labyrinthodonts, 273 " Ostracoda, 237 " palaeechinoids, 144 " Phyllopoda, 233 " plants, 86 " sponges, 110 " starfishes, 141 " trilobites, 232 _Carcharodon_, 269, 270, 271 _Carcharoides_, 269 _Cardiola_, 177, 178 _Cardita_, 184, 187 _Cardium_, 176, 184, 186, 187 CARNIVORA, 298 _Carposphaera_, 102 _Carpospongia_, 109 _Caryocaris_, 244, 246 _Cassidulus_, 148 _Catenicella_, 158 _Cellaria_, 158 _Cellepora_, 158 _Cenellipsis_, 102 _Cenosphaera_, 102, 103 CEPHALOPODA, characters of, 204 _Ceratiocaris_, 246 _Ceratodus_, 265, 267 _Ceratotrochus_, 118 _Cerithiopsis_, 200 _Cerithium_, 198, 200 _Cestracion_, 261, 269, 271 CETACEA, 295 _Cetotolithes_, 296 _Chaenomya_, 181 CHAETOPODA, 152 _Chama_, 185 Changes of climate in the past, 31 CHEILOSTOMATA, 155, 157 _Cheirurus_, 229, 231 _Chelodes_, 190 Cherts, 71 _Chione_, 185, 187, 188 _Chiridota_, 148 _Chironomus_, 250 _Chiton_, 190 _Chonetes_, 160, 161, 162 CHORDATA, 257 _Chosornis_, 283 _Chronozoön_, 298 _Cicada_, 250 _Cidaris_, 145 _Cimoliosaurus_, 279 _Cinnamomum_, 91 _Cinulia_, 197 CIRRIPEDIA, habits and structure of, 240 _Cladochonus_, 117 _Cladophlebis_, 89, 164, 182 CLADOPHORA, 122 Classification of animals, 35 _Clathrodictyon_, 121 _Clausilia_, 191 _Clavigera_, 165 Clays, 69 _Cleiothyris_, 164 _Cleithrolepis_, 262, 263, 274 _Climacograptus_, 127 _Climatius_, 258 _Clonograptus_, 123, 124, 126 _Clypeaster_, 146 _Cnemiornis_, 283 Coals, 76 _Coccolepis_, 267 _Cocconema_, 92 _Coccosteus_, 259 COELENTERATA, characters of, 37 _Coleolus_, 193 Collecting fossils, 317 _Colubraria_, 199 _Columbarium_, 198, 201, 202 _Columbella_, 198 _Conchothyra_, 184 _Conocardium_, 177, 178 Conodonts, 153 _Conosmilia_, 118 _Conularia_, 193, 194, 196 _Conus_, 198, 199, 202, 204 _Coprosmaephyllum_, 90 Coral limestone, 73 Corals, 64, 113 _Corax_, 267 _Corbicula_, 182 _Corbula_, 177, 185, 187, 188 _Cordaites_, 85 _Cornulites_, 154 _Coscinocyathus_, 113 _Coxiella_, 69 _Crassatellites_, 176, 184 _Crenella_, 176 _Crepicephalus_, 227 _Crepidula_, 198 Cretaceous (Lower and Upper) cephalopods, 209 " cephalopods, New Zealand, 210 " Cheilostomata, 157 " crinoids, 137 " echinoids (irregular), 146 " (Lower) fishes, 267 " fishes, New Zealand, 268 " Foraminifera, 98 " gasteropods, 197 " plants, 89 " Radiolaria, 103 " (Lower) reptiles, 277 " reptiles, New Zealand, 279 " scaphopods, 189 " sponges, 110 Crinoidal limestone, 74 CRINOIDEA, occurrence and structure of, 61, 133 _Crioceras_, 209 _Crisia_, 158 _Cristellaria_, 98 _Crocodilus_, 279 _Cromus_, 229 Crustacea, an archaic group, 221