These beetles are easily recognised by their curious cowled thorax, with the head turned down beneath, and the last 3 joints of the antennae forming a well-defined club; the body is long and cylindrical, adapted for burrowing in dead wood. Specimens of these beetles can generally be found upon fallen trees or freshly-cut timber. _Bostrychopsis jesuita_, one of the largest of the group, about ½ an inch in length, is black, cylindrical, with the rounded thorax rugose in front, and the tip of the wing covers truncate. _Bostrychus gibbicollis_, about ⅓ of an inch, is dark reddish brown, with a spined thorax and the tips of the wing covers produced into blunt teeth. _B. cylindricus_, about the same size and similar colour, has elytra furnished with three curled spines on each side. It has been found damaging wine casks. In the Genera _Apate_ and _Rhizopertha_, also found in dead timber, we have a typical form in _Apate collaris_, measuring ¼ of an inch in length, with a dull yellow thorax, dark brown wing covers spined at the tips. [Illustration: =Fig. 78.=--_Bostrychus cylindricus_ (Macleay). The Wine-cask borer. (“Agricultural Gazette.” N.S.W.)] Family 38. Mealworm Beetles. TENEBRIONIDAE. This is a very large family of beetles, generally dull brown or black in colour, but varying much in shape; many of the more typical forms are found under logs and stones, and might easily be mistaken at first sight for carnivorous carab beetles until the mouth parts and head are noticed. They have somewhat thickened antennae placed on the sides of the head; some have wings, others are wingless; most of them are slow, heavy beetles, very easily captured. The larvae are usually slender shining cylindrical brown worm-like creatures living in rotten wood, of which the introduced Mealworm is a typical example. Our species have been described by a great many English and foreign writers, chief among which are Pascoe, in the Journal of Entomology 1869, and Annals of Natural History 1869–80; Hope in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1842–48; Bates in the same journal 1873; and later on in the Proceedings of the Australian Societies by Macleay and Blackburn. Carter has within this last year described a number of new species (Pro. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 1905–6). The Ironbark Beetle, _Zopherosis georgii_, is found in the northern scrubs of N.S. Wales, generally climbing on tree trunks; it is an elongated, flattened, dull brown beetle, slightly over 1 inch in length; the antennae thickened, and the whole of the upper surface covered with rounded irregular knobs; it is not unlike a caricature of a large click beetle. The members of the Genus _Pterohelaeus_ are smooth, shining, tortoise-shaped black beetles, found under dead bark on the trunks of trees. _P. piceus_, common in S. Australia and N.S. Wales, is just under 1 inch in length, but broad in proportion.