[Illustration: =Fig. 112.=--Wings of Moth. _=A=_, Fore wing: _c.m_, costal margin; _o.m_, outer margin or termin; _i.m_, inner margin; _a.a_, apex; _o.a_, outer angle or tornus; _c_, discoidal cell; _d_, discocellulurs. _=B=_, Hind wing: _c.n_, costal nervure; vein 12 fore wing, 8 of hind wing; _s.n_, sub-costal nervure; _m.n_, median nervure; _1a_, _b_, _c_, three branches of internal nervure; _2_, _3_, two branches of median nervure; _4_, _5_, _6_, three branches of radial nervure; _7_, _8_, _9_, _10_, _11_, five sub-costal branches of fore wing; _7_ sub-costal nervure of hind wing.] Moths are well represented in all parts of Australia, but are most numerous in well wooded country: a considerable amount of work has been done in this group by Messrs. Lewin, Scott, Walker, Meyrick, Lower, Turner, and others in Australia, and Messrs. Guérin, Boisduval, and many other foreign writers. I have in the arrangement of the families followed Lower’s Catalogue of Victorian Heterocera (Victorian Naturalist Vol. x. 1893--Vol. xiv. 1898). Family 1. Connecting-link Moths. CASTNIIDAE. The members of this group comprise a few insects that form an intermediate state of development between butterflies and moths; for while there is no doubt that they are moths, they have hooked or thickened antennae like the “Skippers,” somewhat similar habits, and even the general colouration. They are chiefly confined to South America and Australia. _Euschemon rafflesiae_ is one of the largest hesperid-like forms; is black, blotched with white, and is found in the northern parts of Australia. The Genus _Synemon_ contains a number of small reddish brown moths which flit about over the grass, just like small butterflies: _Synemon sophia_ is about 1½ inches across the wings, which are brown, slightly marbled in front, and the hind pair blotched with dull yellowish brown; it is common on the grassy flats along the eastern coast. _S. hesperoides_ is common in Victoria in similar localities; is about the same size, but of a darker brown colour; the fore wings marbled with fine wavy grey lines, and the hind ones with a rusty red tint. Family 2. Butterfly Moths. URANIIDAE. These are large usually day-flying moths with slender antennae; broad wings, the hind pair crenulated and produced into tails; the abdomen like that of a stout butterfly, and never extending beyond the hind wings.