The Genus _Antheraea_ contains some of our finest moths; others are found in Japan and India that yield a strong brown silk. Our commonest species, _Antheraea eucalypti_, is variable both in colour and size, ranging from delicate fawn to dull brick red, and is from 4 to 5½ inches across the wings, which in the male are smaller and narrower behind; each wing is ornamented with a circular eye-spot in the centre, those on the hind pair being larger and ringed with black, with narrow irregular dark bands running round or across the hind margin. The tip of the fore wings in the smaller males is rounded, corrugated, and touched with pink. The large green caterpillar, covered with scattered tubercles tipped with clusters of retractile red and blue spines, feeds upon the foliage of eucalypts, but has acquired a taste for the foliage of the cultivated pepper tree (_Schinus mollis_). It constructs a stout, hard, dark brown cocoon in which it pupates, and is furnished with a curious spine at the base of the fore wings, which enables the moth to cut her way out through the tough cocoon when ready to emerge. _A. helena_, very similar in general appearance to the former, is slightly larger, with broader wings of a more uniform reddish brown colour, without a white mark on the fore wings; the inner bands are more irregular and rounded, with the parallel bar not continued into the hind wings. _A. simplex_ is a smaller species varying in colour from pale yellow to reddish brown, with smaller eye-spots, those upon the hind wings somewhat oval, broadly marked along the costal nervure; the parallel bar and band on each hind wing are very narrow, and both pairs are wrinkled at the tips. The black and yellow caterpillars are very common at times in the Richmond and Clarence River scrubs, N.S. Wales, and more gregarious in their habits, often covering the bushes with their light coloured rather flimsy cocoons, which are very subject to the attacks of ichneumons. _A. janetta_ is about the same size as _A. eucalypti_, but with flatter broader wings of a much duller reddish brown tint without any eye-spots, and only a simple white spot in the centre of each of the fore pair; two fine irregular lines run round the outer half of both pairs with an extra row of small spots along the hind wings. The larva forms a hard shell-like cocoon on the trunks of the she-oaks. _A. loranthiae_, described by Lucas from North Queensland, is a large handsome reddish moth, the larvae of which when pupating form their cocoons in a mass on the top of a stump or branch. Family 13. Loopers. GEOMETRIDAE.