The “Bugong Moth,” _Agrotis infusa_, has gone under many different specific names, and is quite an historical insect. It is a dark brown moth, the fore wings marked with two parallel black lines, two dull grey spots in the centre and wavy lines at the extremities; the hind pair are light brown. These moths frequently appear in immense swarms, and take their popular name from the Bugong Mountains among the rocks of which they used to congregate in millions; they formed an important food supply to the natives who used to sweep them off into their bags, and after denuding them of their wings and scales over a small fire, pound the bodies (at this time distended with eggs) into a dough or paste. Dr. Bennett has given an interesting account of this in his “Naturalist in Australia.” A rather curious error regarding this Bugong Moth has crept into popular natural history books. In the Rev. J. G. Wood’s “Insects Abroad,” he figures and describes a butterfly, _Euploea hamata_, as the Bugong Moth; Aflalo in his “Natural History of Australia” makes the same statement, and in a recent magazine article on “Insects as Food” Theodore Wood repeats the same error. Scott (Trans. Ent. Soc. N.S.W. 1867) gives an account of an appearance of Bugong Moths in Sydney, when they were so numerous one Sunday morning at North Shore that the service at St. Thomas’ Church could not be held, and some observant persons counted 80,000 moths on the windows. They have appeared at irregular intervals about Sydney and the coastal districts in similar swarms, the last time being in 1905. _Agrotis breviuscula_ is a smaller variable species ranging from reddish brown to grey; the antennae are long; the fore wings have a dark spot of irregular form in the centre, a few fine dots along the edge, and a fine line round the tips; the hind wings are light brown. _Agrotis ypsilon_ is not unlike the “Bugong Moth” and by some writers is considered only a large variety, but it has a distinct mark like the Greek letter e in the centre of the fore wings, the tips finely marbled with wavy lines; and the light brown hind wings give a metallic sheen. [Illustration: =Figs. 129= and =130=.--The Climbing-Cutworm or American Army-worm. 129. _Leucania unipuncta_ (Horvath). 130. _Leucania unipuncta_, Larva.] _Leucania unipuncta_ is one of the most destructive caterpillars found in North America, where it is known as the “Army worm,” devouring crops, grass, and garden stuff. Though the moth has been known for many years in Australia it was not until 1903–4 that it was observed as a plague caterpillar, attacking crops and grass nearly all over Eastern Australia. The caterpillars, 1¼ inches long, are dull olive green with light stripes down the back and sides. The moth measures 1½ inches across the wings, which are of a uniform reddish fawn colour finely speckled with little black scales.