The Family OECOPHORIDAE is the most extensive in Australia; in his first paper on the group in 1883, Meyrick estimated that over 2,000 species would be discovered, and later in 1889 he had actually described 756 species, most of them new. The Genus _Philobota_ contains 105 described species, many of them handsome brightly marked little moths. _P. arabella_, slightly over ¾ of an inch across the wings, is of a general greyish brown tint, with the central portions of the fore pair pale yellow edged with brown forming wedge-shaped patches. _P. catascia_, slightly larger, has the fore-wings silvery white, slightly clouded; the hind ones dull yellow in the centre fringed with light brown. _P. productella_ a little smaller, is all silvery white, with yellowish tints in the hind pair; and _P. agnesella_ is a larger silvery one with a narrow irregular dark stripe along the centre of each fore wing from the base to the apex. _P. gascialis_, a very different larger winged form, has the fore pair dark orange yellow, each with a broad brown blotch through the centre, and tip dark brown; the hind pair dull brown fringed with fine plumes. _Macrobatha platychroa_ is under ½ an inch across the wings; the fore pair are marked with alternate bars of white and black, and the hind pair greyish brown. _Heliocausta hemitelis_, about twice the size, has the fore wings yellow, tipped and blotched with purplish brown, the blotch on each hind margin angular; the hind wings brown. _Zonopetala decisiana_, under ½ an inch across the wings, has the fore pair white, each with a large brown blotch across the centre, and others at the tip, and with a band of the same colour across the thorax; the hind wings light buff and fringed with hairs. The caterpillar of _Ocystola hemicalypta_ constructs a protective covering about as thick and long as a large wax match out of a section of a gum twig, in which it lives and feeds after hollowing it out like a tube; these curious cocoons are not uncommon in the bush on the leaves of eucalypts.