The EPIPYROPIDAE comprise a small group of moths that have been raised to the rank of a family by Perkins (Bulletin I. part 2, “Leaf Hoppers and their Natural Enemies,” Hawaii 1905), though it would probably be more correct to place them as a sub-family of the Tineidae. Sharp (Cambridge Natural History: Insects part II.) places them in the _Limacodidae_. They are small black, grey or brown moths, with small eyes; no ocelli; the palpi wanting or very minute, and the mouth parts little developed. They have remarkable parasitic habits in the caterpillar state living upon the backs of different leaf hoppers (_Homoptera_) and feeding upon the waxy or sugary secretions discharged by their hosts. Perkins describes 7 new Australian species, which are placed in three genera, based on the neuration of the wings. Three species come from Cairns, N. Queensland, and four from the neighbourhood of Sydney. _Heteropsyche melanochroma_ measures under ½ an inch across the outspread wings and is of a general black or fuscous colour with purple tints on the fore wings. Koebele records it as common about Sydney, parasitic upon a number of different Fulgorids and Jassids. Rothschild (Novitates Zoologicae 1906) has named another species, _Epipyrops doddi_, after the well known collector, P. F. Dodd, who had worked out its life history in North Queensland. [Illustration: =Fig. 145.=--_Plodia interpunctella_ (Hubner).] Order VII.--DIPTERA. Flies. House flies are well known to everyone; but as a number of other insects belonging to different orders are often called flies, such as “saw-flies,” which are Hymenoptera, and “lace-winged flies” and “May-flies,” which are Neuroptera, it is advisable to define them. Some of the Diptera might be mistaken by a casual observer for Hymenoptera which the members of several families often mimic in form and colouration, but they can be readily separated by the absence of a second pair of wings, which are represented by two little clubbed processes, known as balancers, poisers, or halteres. The mouth parts are very variable in structure in the different groups, but always adapted for piercing or sucking; the eyes are large, often occupying the greater part of the head and consisting of an immense number of fine facets; the small ocelli are three in number; and the antennae, except among midges, are short, composed of few joints, and often terminate in a bristle.