The members of the Genus _Ctenochiton_ are chiefly confined to New Zealand, but two fine species have been described from Australia. _Ctenochiton eucalypti_ comes from the Newcastle district, N.S.W., where it infests the leaves of gum saplings. The scales of the sexes differ very much; those of the male are slender, white, and glassy, while those of the female are broad and dark coloured. _C. rhizophorae_ comes from Queensland, where it is found upon the mangrove. The beautiful, brittle, glass-like scales of _Inglisia foraminifer_ and _I. fossilis_, are often very plentiful in the interior on low scrub trees. [Illustration: =Figs. 165= and =166=.--Scale Insects. 165. _Icerya purchasi_ (Maskell). The Cottony-cushion or Fluted Scale of the orange tree. 166. _Ceroplastus ceriferus_ (Anderson). The introduced Indian Wax Scale of citrus trees, etc.] In the Genus _Ceronema_, the males form delicate angulated scales, but the females are clothed with a woolly secretion. _Ceronema banksiae_ is a somewhat rare scale found on the foliage of the banksia; it has the secretion upon the dorsal surface, formed into a distinct rib down the centre. _C. caudata_ is a large species with a white woolly covering, a large filament towards the apex forming a large loop rising above the back like a handle. It has a wide range from the South Coast of N.S.W. to North Queensland, and about Bulli, N.S.W., is found on gum trees. The Genus _Lecanium_ (which has been cut up into a number of new genera) contains many distinct species peculiar to our fauna. _Lecanium tesselatum_, a flattened species with crenulated margins, and common on palms in the gardens, and _L. oleae_, known as “black bug” or “olive scale” by the orchardists, are both introduced species: _L. patersoni_ is a slender form found upon the foliage of _Patersonia glabrata_ growing about Sydney. _L. scrobiculata_ is a bright, shining, convex, dark brown scale infesting several species of acacias; and _L. mirificum_, one of the largest, is found in the interior upon _Acacia pendula_. The curious coccid, _Cryptes (Lecanium) baccatum_, covers the twigs of several acacias, among them the common black wattle in the vicinity of Sydney. At first dull white, they swell out into rounded bead-shaped, blue sacks, so close together that they encrust the whole of the infested twig; when adult they turn dull brown. The Sub-family DACTYLOPINAE contains most of the well-known “mealy bugs”; they are soft bodied creatures in the earlier stages of their existence, and many species are able to move about until their latter days; instead of forming a separate scale like the first group, they cover themselves with white, woolly, mealy, cottony, or waxy secretions.