_Philomastix glaber_ has very curious larvae that feed upon the wild bramble on the northern rivers of N.S. Wales; they have large heads, no abdominal legs, and two slender rat-like tails on the tip of the body. The sawfly measures 1 inch in length; the general colour is shining yellow, mottled with dull metallic blue on the thorax and abdomen; the semiopaque wings are barred with dark brown; the male has shorter antennae composed of short funnel shaped segments. There are a number of small species, belonging to the Genera _Eurys_, _Euryopsis_ and _Polyclonus_, found chiefly upon flowers; _Polyclonus atratus_, sole representative of the Genus, has 18 jointed antennae, each joint furnished with a hairy finger turning inward at the tips. The Blister-leaf Sawfly, _Phylacteophaga eucalypti_, punctures the leaves of small gum trees; the larva feeds in the tissue, and when full grown pupates in a chamber in the centre, forming a distinct blister in the leaf: in the pupal state it has power to bend the body and rap against the side of the chamber. The sawfly measures ¼ of an inch in length; the male is black with a red head; the slightly larger female has the head and thorax reddish brown; the antennae have eight joints, long and slender. They have long stout legs, and are very active when they first emerge from the leaves, making a loud buzzing sound as they run about and try to escape. Family 5. Gall-flies. CYNIPIDAE. This is the first group of the _Petiolata_, which are often known from their small size as _Micro-hymenoptera_. They are all small creatures, differing from the succeeding families in that they are broadly speaking plant eating, usually forming galls in which they live and pupate. However, there are some that live upon the gall-making forms; others live only upon the tissue of their cousins’ galls without disturbing their host; and again some that are known as inqualines (visitors that dwell in the cavity with the true gall-maker); so that their life histories are somewhat complicated.