It was fortunate that the Athenians could command the services of
Miltiades who had already had some experience of the Persian methods of
attack. The details of the great battle that followed depend upon the
sole authority of Herodotus among the Greek writers. Many difficulties
are caused by his narrative, but it seems certain that Miltiades was
in command on the day on which the battle was actually fought. He
apparently clung to the hills overlooking the plain and bay of Marathon
until the Persian cavalry were unable to act. Seizing the opportunity,
he led his men down swiftly to the combat; his centre which had been
purposely weakened was thrust back but the two wings speedily proved
victorious, then converged to assist the centre, finally driving the foe
to the sea where a desperate conflict took place. The Persians succeeded
in embarking and promptly sailed round the coast to Athens, but seeing
the victors in arms before the town they sailed back to Asia. The
Spartan reinforcements which arrived too late for the battle viewed the
Persian dead and returned after praising the Athenians.
A slight digression tells the amusing story how the Athenian
Hippocleides in his cups lost the hand of the princess of Sicyon because
he danced on his head and waved his legs about, shouting that he didn't
care. The great victor Miltiades did not long survive his glory. His
attempt to reduce the island of Paros, which had sided with Persia,
completely failed. Returning to Athens he was condemned and fined,
shortly after dying of a mortified thigh.
In the third portion Herodotus gradually rises to his greatest height
of descriptive power. Darius resolved on a larger expedition to reduce
Greece. He made preparations for three years, then a revolt in Egypt
delayed his plans and his career was cut short by death in 485. His
successor Xerxes was disinclined to invade Europe, but was overborne by
Mardonius his cousin. A canal was dug across the peninsula of Athos, a
bridge was built over the Hellespont, and provisions were collected. A
detailed account of the component forces is given, special mention being
made of Artemisia, Queen of Herodotus' own city, who was to win great
glory in the campaign. The army marched over the Hellespont and along
the coast, the fleet supporting it; advancing through Thessaly, it
reached the pass of Thermopylae, opposite Euboea, in 480.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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