Autobiography and Selected EssaysHuxley, Thomas Henry
Science
Autobiography and Selected Essays
Huxley, Thomas Henry
Science
With such qualifications as arises [98] out of the last-mentioned
fact, it may be truly said that the acts of all living things are
fundamentally one. Is any such unity predicable of their forms? Let us
seek in easily verified facts for a reply to this question. If a drop
of blood be drawn by pricking one's finger, and viewed with proper
precautions, and under a sufficiently high microscopic power, there will
be seen, among the innumerable multitude of little, circular, discoidal
bodies, or corpuscles, which float in it and give it its colour, a
comparatively small number of colourless corpuscles, of somewhat larger
size and very irregular shape. If the drop of blood be kept at the
temperature of the body, these colourless corpuscles will be seen to
exhibit a marvellous activity, changing their forms with great rapidity,
drawing in and thrusting out prolongations of their substance, and
creeping about as if they were independent organisms.
The substance which is thus active is a mass of protoplasm, and its
activity differs in detail, rather than in principle, from that of the
protoplasm of the nettle. Under sundry circumstances the corpuscle dies
and becomes distended into a round mass, in the midst of which is seen
a smaller spherical body, which existed, but was more or less hidden,
in the living corpuscle, and is called its nucleus. Corpuscles of
essentially similar structure are to be found in the skin, in the lining
of the mouth, and scattered through the whole framework of the body.
Nay, more; in the earliest condition of the human organism, in that
state in which it has but just become distinguishable from the egg in
which it arises, it is nothing but an aggregation of such corpuscles,
and every organ of the body was, once, no more than such an aggregation.
Thus a nucleated mass of protoplasm turns out to be what may be termed
the structural unit of the human body. As a matter of fact, the body, in
its earliest state, is a mere multiple of such units; and in its perfect
condition, it is a multiple of such units, variously modified.
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