Entirely a self-made man, Clement had experience as a locksmith and served an apprenticeship as a tinsmith. He started and built up a bicycle manufacturing establishment which, in 1894, was considered one of the finest in France. In time this developed into the finest cycle manufactory in that country. It is situated in Levallois, near Paris. In 1899, Clement contracted with Panhard & Levassor to manufacture under their patents, and in 1900 he made a most successful light vehicle of four horse-power. Since then he has developed his automobile factory, and in the past few years has produced competitors for honors in the first class, which are known at home and abroad as the Bayard or Clement-Bayard cars. A. DARRACQ About fifty years of age, Darracq has had an energetic and successful career. He is now president of the Society of Engineers, Paris, and a member of the Legion of Honor. He is best known as an inventor in connection with the automobile industry. Among his inventions are a shaft drive and a beveled gear drive which are now universally used. He originated the idea of placing the operating lever on the steering post and made the first moderate priced automobile in France. He is now the engineer and manager of one of the biggest factories in the world. [Illustration: A. DARRACQ] JAMES GORDON BENNETT So interesting was the sporting side of the automobile movement that it early attracted the attention of James Gordon Bennett. The great runs, or tours, or races commenced in 1891, and continued annually from 1894 on, resulted in the offering of the Bennett trophy for international competition under conditions which may have been suggested by the America yacht cup races. In January, 1900, this was announced in Paris, and the custody of the trophy initially given to the Automobile Club of France as the first and foremost champions of automobiling. Elaborate and excellent rules govern the annual competition for the trophy, and the races are held in the country whose representative has won in the previous year. In this way the first race was in France, as well as the second, and the 1903 race in Ireland, while that of 1904 was held in Germany, but was won by a Frenchman, so that the 1905 race will again be held in the land of the original custodians of the trophy. INDEX Adamson, Daniel, 158 Anderson, James Caleb, 145 Andrews, F., 137 Armstrong, 163 Automobile, Origin and Development of the, 11 Battin, 155 Baynes, John, 129 Bennett, James Gordon, 176 Benz, Carl, 94 Bernhard, Anthony, 154 Blanchard, 121 Blanchard, Thomas, 68 Bollèe, Amedèe, 90 Bollèe, Leon, 174 Bordino, Chevalier, 139 Boulton, Isaac W., 163 Bouton, G., 166 Brown, Samuel, 133 Brunton, William, 127 Burtsall, T., 132 Butler, 169 Carrett, W. O., 159 Cartwright, Edmund, 131 Church, W. H., 87 Clement Adolf, 175 Clive, 139 Copeland, 166 Cowan, T. W., 162 Cugnot, Nicholas Joseph, 31