(M289) It is not clear whether Shamash-ellatsu was the adversary of
Nishînishu, or the subject of her suit. But we clearly have here a “trial
list” of seventeen cases. Whether they were all decided in one day, month,
or year, or whether they were reserved for the royal audience, we have no
means of telling. It is merely a list. The object in dispute, “two _SAR_
of land,” is occasionally given; or the court is named “the temple of
Shamash,” or “at the gate of Shamash.” The whole text is too fragmentary
to be translated, but we may note that some lady or other is always a
party to the suit. If we could find the tablets referring to the decisions
intended and they should turn out to be of different years, this list
might prove of value for chronology.
(M290) Legal decisions relate to all manner of subjects and consequently
are difficult to arrange. Dr. Meissner adopted the excellent plan of
appending them to the groups concerned with the class of property dealt
with under them. Thus a legal decision concerned with the sale of a house
would be grouped with the house sales. But this does not suit all cases,
and both in formula and subject the legal decisions are really distinct.
Most legal decisions add nothing to our knowledge of the law, merely
recording that “A sued B and lost the day and is now bound over not to
renew the litigation.” A large number go only a little further, thus:(174)
(M291)
Ribatum, daughter of Salâ, was sued by the sons of Erib-Sin,
Shumma-ilu and Mâr-erṣitim, concerning what Salâ, her father, and
Mullubtim, her mother, had left her. They took judges who restored
to her one-half _GAN_ of land, her property. Shumma-ilu and
Mâr-erṣitim, sons of Erib-Sin, shall not renounce this agreement
nor dispute it. They swore by Shamash, Malkat, Marduk, and
Samsu-iluna the king. Four judges appear as witnesses. Dated the
10th of Elul, in the second year of Samsu-iluna.
Here it is not stated what was the ground on which the parties disagreed,
nor that they laid claim to more than one-half _GAN_ of land. They lost
the case. That is all we know in many other cases. Often we do not know
the object in dispute. Other cases are quite full and often very
instructive. Thus:(175)
(M292)
About the maid Adkallim, whom Aiatîa had left to her daughter
Ḥulaltum. Ḥulaltum had taken care of her mother Aiatîa; while
Sin-nâṣir, the husband of Aiatîa, who was in Buzu for twenty
years, had left Aiatîa to her fate, loved her not. Now after
Aiatîa was dead, Sin-nâṣir laid claim on whatever Aiatîa had, and
on Ḥulaltum for the maid Adkallim. Isharlim, the _rabiânu_ of
Sippar, with the Kar-Sippar, assigned sentence; they laid the
blame on him. He shall not renounce the agreement, nor dispute it.
They swore by Shamash, Marduk, and Ḥammurabi the king. The
judgment of Isharlim. Four witnesses. Dated in Elul, the 9th year
of Ḥammurabi.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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