(M307) The production of witnesses is the subject of not a few undertakings. Thus,(226) by a fixed date, five days hence, A shall bring B to be questioned about some asses belonging to the royal household. Again,(227) N swears to come, six days hence, and bring another, on account of the witness about A. He further undertakes to establish the partnership. What was the exact cause of quarrel was not stated. These agreements to abide by the testimony of a named witness may have been entered into without reference to judges, but the oath may have been administered before the court. Thus,(228) two parties agree to waive their dispute and abide by witness produced. This they do before the _atû_ official of the gate of the temple. Again,(229) A is to bring witnesses on the second of Ab, to the door of the _tikkalu’s_ house, and prove when and to whom he gave certain garments. If this be proved, that B had received them, B will restore the said garments to A; if not, B is free. Further, if B does not appear on that day, he shall be bound to restore the garments. Several other examples illustrate the point.(230) (M308) A common method was, as has already been shown, to produce the bond or other document, establishing the claim. If, for some reason, the document was not producible, the oath of the scribe who wrote it might be admitted.(231) The witnesses whose names appear on the document do not seem to have been summoned. But in one case,(232) when two Persians had sold two slave-girls, also Persians, to a Babylonian; a third Persian, who had been witness to the sale, was called on to swear, “I know that the money was paid,” and he sealed the document. VII. Public Rights (M309) The early inhabitants of Babylonia are usually regarded as a non-Semitic race, whom we term Sumerians. Upon them was superimposed a layer of Semitic peoples. The first dynasty of Babylon is now often called Arabian. But the evidence of a previous admixture of peoples is not lacking. The subsequent history bears witness to many invasions by Kassites, Elamites, and nomad tribes, some Semitic, some probably not. Later came Persians and Medes, not to speak of Greeks and Parthians.