Schools, 47 ff.; buildings, 54; dead languages taught, 56; subjects of study, 56 ff. Scribes, the position of, 161 Semites, connection with Sumerians, 4 ff.; influence on religion, 231, 237; Semitic conception of deity, 233; the goddess, 238 Sennacherib’s will, 35; garden, 94, 95 Shamanism of the Sumerians, 235 Sheep, largely kept, 109; a contract, 111; duty, _ibid._; market, 112 Shekel, 158 Ships, character of, 185 Sippara, situation of, 113; letters found at, 214 Slaves, position of, 67, 68; classes of, 68; price of, 69, 70, 75; law regarding, 69; apprentices, 71; privileges, 71; restrictions, 74; emancipation of, 77, 78; in Assyria, 78, 79 Songs of peasants, 87, 88 Spelling, correctness of, 230 State: theocratic character, 168; relation of sovereign to God, 169-171; the Western Empire, 171, 172; contrasts in Assyria, 172; aristocracy, 173, 174; taxes, 175; officials, 176-177; divisions of army, 177-182; chariots, 178; developments, 180; Assyrian army, _q.v._; under Nebuchadnezzar, 181; navy, 183; merchant boats, 184; character of ships, 185; Amorite colonies, 187; immunities, 194 Stables, letters relating to, 222 Stars, worship of, 62 Stela of the Vultures, 105 Stone used for decoration, 93 Stone-cutters, perfect work of, 135 Streets, character of, 112, 113 Stucco, largely used, 92 Sumerians, race influence, 4; influence on Semites, _ibid._; marriage law, 25; marriage ceremony, 29; dictionaries, 50; language taught, 56; law for slaves, 69, 81, 82; text-book on farming, 84; beardless, 104; law as to barbers, 105; weights, 158; deification of Sumerian kings, 170; code of law, 195; influence on religion, 231; Sumerian conception of a god, 232; no moral nature, 234; Shamanism, 235; Tammuz, 240; hymns, 244 Sun, belief about, 242 Superstition, popular, 231, 257 Surveyors, importance of, 123 Tables, fashion of, 97 Tablets of Tel-el-Amarna, 7; the use of clay, 10 Talent, 158 Tammuz, worship of, 240, 251 Tapestries, 107 Taxes, nature of, 175; immunity from, 194 Tel-el-Amarna tablets, quoted, 7, 19; ladies’ letters, 48, 215; other letters, 209; points of letter-writing, 229 Temples, construction of, 246; temple ministers, 251; revenues of, 253 Tiglath-pileser, his gardens, 94 Tithes paid, 253 Tombs. _See_ “Burial” Trades, 107 ff.; woollen, 108; partnerships, 127; carpenters, 135; stonecutters, 135; iron-smith, 136; ivory carvers, 136; porcelain-makers, 137; brick-makers, 137; vintners, 139 Tsarpî, an Assyrian prefectess, 18 Tylos, island of, 108 Ubaru, contract of, 85 Under-world, belief in an, 64 Ur of the Chaldees, foundation of the town, 2; its moon-god, 2; its connection with Nippur, 3; a custom with daughters, 14; comparative prices, 147, 148; hymn used at, 261 Ustanni, an interesting contract, 73 Vases, plentiful and various, 97 Weights. _See_ Appendix