Bacteria: Especially as they are related to the economy of nature, to industrial processes, and to the public healthNewman, George, Sir
Science
Bacteria: Especially as they are related to the economy of nature, to industrial processes, and to the public health
Newman, George, Sir
Bacteria; Bacteriology
A calf, aged three to six months, is kept in quarantine for a week. If
then found upon examination to be quite healthy, it is removed to the
vaccination station, and the lower part of its abdomen antiseptically
cleaned. The animal is now vaccinated upon this sterilised area with
glycerinated calf lymph. After five days the part is again thoroughly
washed, and the contents of the vesicle, which have of course
appeared in the interval, are removed with a sterilised sharp spoon,
and transferred to a sterilised bottle. This is now removed to the
laboratory, and the exact weight of the material ascertained. A calf
thus vaccinated will yield from 18 to 24 grams of vaccine material.
This is now thoroughly triturated and mixed with six times its weight
of a sterilised solution of 50 per cent. chemically pure glycerine
in distilled water. The resulting emulsion is aseptically stored in
sealed tubes in a cool place. For four weeks it is carefully examined
bacteriologically until the glycerine has absolutely killed any
possible germ that may have obtained entrance. When by agar plates it
is demonstrably sterile it is ready for distribution.
_Pasteur's Treatment of Rabies._ Rabies is a disease affecting dogs (in
Western Europe) and wolves (in Russia), and can be transmitted to other
animals and man, infection being carried by the bite of a rabid animal.
It takes two chief forms: (1) furious rabies and (2) paralytic rabies.
The former is more common in dogs. The animal becomes restless, has a
high-toned bark, and snaps at various objects. Sometimes it exhibits
depraved appetite; spasms of the throat follow, and these soon develop
into convulsions, which are followed by coma and death. In man the
incubation period is fortunately a very long one, averaging about forty
days. Nervous irritability is the first sign; spasms occur in the
respiratory and masticatory muscles, and the termination is similar to
rabies in the dog. The symptom of fear of water is a herald of coming
fatality.
Although a number of the workers at the Pasteur Institute and elsewhere
have addressed themselves to the detection of a specific microbe, none
has as yet been found, although, in the opinion of Pasteur, such an
agent may be suspected as the cause.
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