[15]Frederick’s first wife was Adelaide, whom he married in 1147 and divorced in 1153, upon the pretext of kinship. In 1156 he married Beatrice, mentioned above, daughter of the Count of Burgundy. [16]Saladin, the Egyptian Sultan, was born at Tekrit in 1137, and died at Damascus in 1193. He was made Sultan in 1173, and conquered Damascus and Syria. He defeated the Christians at Tiberias in 1187, and also captured Acre, Jerusalem, and Ascalon. The fall of Jerusalem led to the third Crusade, in which Frederick Barbarossa, Richard the Lion-hearted of England, and Philip II of France took part. In 1192 Richard forced Saladin to make a three years’ truce. Saladin died before its expiration. [17]Guy de Lusignan succeeded to the throne of Jerusalem in 1186, on the death of Baldwin V. After his capture by Saladin he was released on renouncing his claims to the throne; but he disregarded his agreement, and in 1192 transferred his claim to Richard I of England, in exchange for Cyprus. [18]Iconium is the ancient name of Konièh, a vilayet in Turkish Asia Minor. It was captured by Barbarossa in 1190, and was incorporated with the Turkish Empire at the close of the fourteenth century. [19]Bela II succeeded Stephen II, and reigned from 1131 to 1141. [20]Isaac Angelus was one of the early Grecian tyrants. His reign was so oppressive that some of his subjects rose in revolt, and, uniting with the Bulgarians, formed what is called the Bulgaro-Wallachian Kingdom. It existed until the Turks established sovereignty in Greece. [21]The German name for Ratisbon, capital of the upper palatinate of Bavaria. [22]Capital of the County of Presburg, Hungary. [23]Capital of the County of Gran, and famous for its fine Cathedral. [24]Philippopolis is now the capital of Eastern Rumelia, which is a part of Bulgaria. It was named after Philip II of Macedon. [25]A town in Rumelia, a few miles south of Adrianople. [26]Adrianople was founded by the Emperor Hadrian, A. D. 125, and has been the scene of many assaults. It has been stormed and taken by Bulgarians, Turks, Crusaders, and Russians. [27]In ancient geography, Mysia was bounded on the north by the Propontis, south by Lydia, east by Bithynia, and Phrygia, and west by the Ægean; Caria, north by Lydia, south and west by the Ægean, east by Phygia; Lycia, west by the Mediterranean, north, south, and east by Caria, Phrygia, and Pamphylia; Paphlagonia, north by the Black Sea, south by Galatia, east by Pontus, and west by Bithynia; Bithynia, north by the Propontis, Bosphorus, and Euxine, south by Phrygia and Galatia, east by Paphlagonia, and west by Mysia. Lydia, on the west coast of Asia Minor, was the mightiest of all these provinces. Its King, referred to above, was Crœsus, who was captured by the Persians, under Cyrus, 546 B. C.