The industrial union is one union having the follow-lowing basic characteristics: (_a_) the union rallies all the workers and other employees engaged in a given branch of production, regardless of his functions; (_b_) the treasury is centralized; (_c_) the business of the union is transacted on the basis of democratic centralization; (_d_) the wage scales and conditions of labor are determined by one central body for all the categories of labor; (_e_) a uniform principle of construction from top to bottom; (_f_) the sections are playing the part of technical and auxiliary organs; (_g_) the interests of the industrially organized workers and other employees of a given industry are represented before the outside world by one central body. 2. The industrial union comprises only the permanent workers and employees of a given industry who are directly engaged in the process of production or serve to aid the same. All auxiliary branches serving _not production but the producers_ and all the temporary and casual help remain members of their industrial union. 3. This principle of construction of our unions recognized by the third Conference of the Vocational Unions, and by the first All-Russian Congress of Vocational Unions, presupposing the union of all the workers of a given industry into one organization (union), can be consistently carried into practice only by means of uniting all the workers and employees (“higher” and “lower”) into one union, which became possible of realization only after the political and economic prejudices separating the laborer from the other employees and from the technical personnel have been done away with. 4. Even if the first Congress of Vocational Unions considered it impracticable to unite into one union all the higher employees and laborers,—at the present moment, after a year of proletarian dictatorship during which a good deal of the antagonism between the different categories of laborers and other employees has been spent, when it has been proved from experience that one union in its turn leads to the eradication of all antagonism in the midst of the workers—it must now be recognized as desirable and necessary to unite into one union all persons who are wage workers engaged in one establishment, one industry or one institution. Only in such establishments or institutions where the hiring of laborers and other employees and the increase or decrease of their wages is being decided by one member of the administrative or technical personnel, the latter cannot be members of the given union.