Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed DiseaseCrawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Science
Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed Disease
Crawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Astragalus earlei; Barium
_Experiment No. 3._--July 13, 1906, a sheep weighing 19.5 kilos was fed
with 640 c.c. of fluid, representing the extract of 2,000 grams of
_Aragallus lamberti_. The temperature at the time of feeding, 1.10 p.
m., was 105.3°F. At 1.49 p.m. the sheep could be easily turned on its
back. At 2.23 p.m. the temperature was 103.6°F. At 3.42 p.m. the
temperature was 103.5°F. At 4.20 p.m. the respiration was fairly
rapid. On July 14, at 11.15 a.m., the temperature was 103.6°F. The
sheep would run about but could easily be turned over. It had not eaten,
but there was diarrhea present. July 15, at 3.30 p.m., the temperature
was 104°F. The animal had eaten. On July 17 the temperature was 104°F.
and the animal weighed 18.8 kilos. On the 27th it weighed 17.2 kilos; on
August 29, 20.8 kilos.
_Experiment No. 4._--A lamb weighing 19 kilos was fed August 21, 1906,
with 740 c.c., representing the aqueous extract of 2,500 grams of the
fresh _Astragalus mollissimus_, shipped to Washington in September,
1905. This animal ate at night, but the following day was dull. When
seen on August 27 there was diarrhea present and the animal was still
dull. On the 28th the animal died, weighing 16.7 kilos. There was no
autopsy on account of decomposition.
_Experiment No. 5._--A lamb weighing 15.6 kilos was fed on September 4,
1906, with an aqueous extract representing 3,500 grams of the dried
_Aragallus lamberti_, 1,000 c.c. of water being used. The temperature
at the time of feeding was 104.3°F. At 2.48 p.m. the animal on rising
to its feet developed a slight tremor of the fore legs and showed marked
disinclination to stand on its feet. The temperature was 104°F. The
animal died at 4.25 p.m. The post-mortem was negative, save for some
reddening of the second stomach.[157]
These feeding experiments in sheep can not be considered quantitative,
because, as is shown later, aqueous extracts of dried plants are often
inactive, yet poisonous principles may be obtained from the plants by
treatment with digestive fluids.
Extracts of dried loco plants vary much in their toxicity; with some the
writer was unable to kill rabbits, even when an extract of 300 grams of
the dried plant was used. It is interesting to note that when the field
station was established at Hugo, Colo., in 1905, almost all the aqueous
extracts of dried specimens sent to Washington would produce the acute
symptoms of poisoning in rabbits, but during the third season of its
existence many of the samples sent from the same area were much less
active, if not inactive.
* * * * *
FOOTNOTES:
[157] There was a slight odor of chloroform noticed on
opening the stomach, so that perhaps the imperfect removal of
the chloroform due to a hurried evaporation of the extract
should be taken into consideration in this case.
=LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS--CHEMICAL.=
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