Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed DiseaseCrawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Science
Barium: A Cause of the Loco-Weed Disease
Crawford, Albert C. (Albert Cornelius)
Astragalus earlei; Barium
The negative results in looking for active alkaloidal, or glucosidal, or
proteid bodies suggested that perhaps the action was due to some
inorganic constituent. The writer then boiled the extract three minutes
and as the filtrate was still found active and the proteid precipitate
inactive became convinced of the inorganic nature of the active
constituents, and finally incinerated the plant. The acid extract from
this was also active, but death was delayed several hours. This was
believed to be due to the insoluble form into which the compound was
converted.[158] In fact, the question of solubility and the avoidance of
an acid reaction, which of itself may kill, are the main points to keep
in mind.
These experiments indicated that the injurious action toward rabbits of
the _Astragalus mollissimus_ and _Aragallus lamberti_ collected at Hugo,
Colo., was due to one or more inorganic constituents,[159] but it does
not follow that all loco plants have the same poisonous principle nor
that the same species occurring on all soils has the same poisonous
action.[160]
Of _Astragalus mollissimus_ from Imperial, Nebr., collected in 1906, 200
grams were ashed in a platinum bowl and extracted with water. This
aqueous extract when neutralized produced no marked symptoms in a rabbit
and the weight of the animal remained about the same.
The ash undissolved after this extraction was then treated with acetic
acid and water overnight, and after carefully evaporating off the acetic
acid on the bath (tested by litmus paper) the residue was fed, partly in
solution and partly suspended in water, to a rabbit weighing 1,800.2
grams. Next day the rabbit weighed 1,771.8 grams, showed paralysis of
the limbs, and died during the morning. The stomach was intensely
reddened and contracted.
An extract of a similar ash was made by boiling the same amount with a
large quantity of 94 per cent alcohol. This was evaporated in vacuo and
taken in water and fed to a rabbit weighing 1,459.9 grams. On the sixth
day the animal died, having lost 70.9 grams in weight. The stomach
showed reddening but no ulcers.
An acetic acid aqueous extract, made from the ash after the alcoholic
extraction, proved inactive, showing that the alcohol had removed the
active bodies. A 70 per cent alcohol extract of another ashed lot proved
active, killing the rabbit overnight.
Of _Astragalus mollissimus_ from Imperial, Nebr., 200 grams were ashed
in a platinum bowl and the ash treated with acetic acid water. After
freeing from acid, one half of the solution and emulsion was fed one day
and the second half fed the following day. The rabbit at the time of
feeding weighed 1,275.7 grams. Fourteen days later the animal died,
weighing 1,105.6 grams. No autopsy.
A similar extract of the ash from between 100 and 150 grams of the same
dried plant produced death in a rabbit weighing 1,190 grams in two hours
and fifty-eight minutes.
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