English, characteristics of, as soldiers, 6, 177 — their military history specially instructive, 7 — a nation earlier than any other people, 7, 55 — learned Danish modes of fighting, 10 — the long-bow theirs exclusively, 53 — had no standing army in Civil War, 129 — military reputation low before Marlborough, 154 — reasons for their fighting in line, 177 — concerned in all European wars of 18th century, 179 — armies lose efficiency after Marlborough, 180 Essex, E. of, at Edgehill, 131 — driven to Cornwall, 140 Eugene of Savoy, Marlborough's colleague, 156 — at Blenheim, 161 — at Oudenarde, 172 Evesham, battle of, 36 Fairfax, Ld., at Marston Moor, 138 Fairfax, Sir T., at Marston Moor, 138 — commands New Model, 141 — at Naseby, 143 Falconbridge, Ld., at Towton, 108 Falkirk, Wallace's battle of, 44 — Jacobite battle of, 183 Fastolfe, Sir J., at battle of the Herrings, 94 Feigned flight of Normans at Hastings, 25 Ferozeshah, battle of, 309 Ferrybridge, 104 Feudal nobles preponderant after Hastings, 27, 45 — their power broken by pike and long-bow, 6 — class pride of, ruinous at Crecy, 63 — — at Agincourt, 89 Flanders, ally of Edward III., 56 Flank march at Busaco, 209 — to Balaclava, 274 Flodden, battle of, 5, 123 _sqq._ — last victory of bow, 127 Fontenoy, battle of, 181 Formigny, battle of, 99 France, contrasted with England in 14th century, 55 — made a nation by Hundred Years' War, 99 — state of, under Charles VI., 81 — her military supremacy broken at Blenheim, 164 — why hostile to England throughout 18th century, 179 — rival of England for domination in India, 295 Freeman, Professor, on Hastings, 20, 21 Froissart as an authority, 75 Fuentes d'Onoro, battle of, 210 Fulford, battle of, 15 Geography, how it influences the course of a war, 4 George II. at Oudenarde, 171 — at Dettingen, 181 Gérard, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, 249 Glansdale, Sir W., at siege of Orleans, 97 Gloucester, siege of, 132 — E. of, at Lewes, 31 — — at Evesham, 36 Gneisenau, Gen., in Waterloo campaign, 249 Golab Sing in Punjab, 310 Goring, royalist general at Marston Moor, 138 Gortschakoff, prince, in Crimea, 280, 287 Gough, Sir H., at Moodkee, 308 — at Ferozeshah, 309 — at Sobraon, 310 — at Ramnugur, 312 — at Chillianwalla, 313 — at Gujerat, 314 Graham, Gen., in Vittoria campaign, 231 Grouchy, marshal, detached to pursue Blucher, 247 — will not "march to the cannon," 249 — could he have saved Waterloo? 250 — retreats successfully into France, 251 Guienne, never French before Edward III., 55 — becomes French in feelings, 79 Gujerat, battle of, 314 Gunpowder came slowly into use, 115 — political effects of, 117 (_See_ Artillery and Musket.) Gyrth, Harold's brother, killed at Hastings, 24