United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns
"Death was upon every breeze,
And lurked in every flower."
The division pressed on. Round shot, shell, canister and rifle balls
were poured into them at close range from the front, and a battery on
Round Top raked the line from the right.
Pickett was expecting to be supported by Pettigrew's brigade on the
left, and Lane's brigade on the right. Those brigades, however, were
coming up, but were being met by such strong opposition that they were
entirely outdistanced and fell back finally with Pickett's retreat,
thus leaving Pickett with his three brigades alone in front. The
Confederate ranks were thinning as far as eye could see. Garnett was
killed leading his brigade, his being in the lead. Kemper, coming up
next to the distance of sixty yards behind, brought his brigade to a
halt to give Armistead time to come up for the last and final charge.
They were fired upon by the enemy, posted along the edge of the woods.
This murderous fire almost disorganized them. Armistead, urging his men
forward with his hat on his sword, holding it up as a guide, crossed
over the Union breastworks, and for a time the Confederates seemed
to gain some advantage, but were presently surrounded by overwhelming
numbers. General Armistead was mortally wounded, and nearly all the
other officers of the division were either killed or wounded.
Pickett, seeing the hopelessness of the charge, ordered a retreat of
his shattered lines.
Out of 4,800 men that followed Pickett, scarcely 1,200 to 1,300 got
back into the Confederate lines. Out of eighteen field officers and
four generals, Pickett and one lieutenant colonel alone remained
unharmed.
Pickett's division, together with the supporting brigades under Lane
and Pettigrew, numbered about 14,000 men. Where General Armistead fell
is considered to be the highest point, figuratively speaking, that was
reached by the Southern Confederacy.
Pickett's charge will be remembered by all future Americans as the
English remember that of the Light Brigade, and the French that of the
old guard under Marshal Ney at Waterloo.
The battle of Gettysburg was now over. The loss was about 50,000 men,
which was about equally divided between the two armies.
General Lee decided to lead his army back to Virginia. The Confederates
were much discouraged, for on this same day Vicksburg had been
surrendered to General Grant.
All through the night of July 3d Lee's army was making ready to march
and at the break of day A. P. Hill swung his corps into line of march
through a downpour of rain. The next to follow was Longstreet's corps,
which followed close upon A. P. Hill, and the last to leave was Ewell's
corps, and the retreat was covered by Stuart's cavalry.
General Hood had with him 4,000 prisoners. The wounded were carried
with the retreat in wagons and other ways of conveyance, and were under
the charge of General Imboden.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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