United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns
Lee evacuated Petersburg early on the third morning of April, 1865, and
retreated toward Amelia Court House.
With the evacuation of Petersburg also fell the city of Richmond. For
nine months Lee's invincible forces had kept a foe more than twice
their numbers from invading their capital.
Lee had ordered supplies for his army to Amelia Court House, for which
they were in sore need, as they had been on little or no rations for
several days, but by some mistake of orders the train of supplies had
been sent on to Richmond. This serious mistake was a crushing blow to
Lee's army, for when his troops reached Amelia Court House and found no
supplies, which had been promised them, their hopes sank within them.
Lee, as well as his officers, had come to realize that the end of the
great war could not be far distant.
Grant's army was hastening in pursuit of that of Lee's, Grant had sent
General Sheridan to flank around Lee's army and get in his front, so if
possible to cut off his chance of escape.
Lee had intended to concentrate his forces at Amelia Court House,
but his whole army did not come up until the evening of the 5th, and
on the discovery of his inadequate supplies he began the march anew
toward Farmville, dividing his army so as to secure supplies from the
country over which he passed. In the afternoon of April 6th Lee's army
was overtaken by the Federals and a hard battle was fought at Sailor's
Creek, in which General Richard Ewell, who was on the rear of Lee's
army, was captured with his entire corps, numbering about 6,000 men.
Lee's main army reached Farmville on the night of the 6th of April,
where they received their first rations within two days, and near
which place a hard battle was fought, in which the Confederates, under
General Mahone, gained a temporary victory.
The retreat was again renewed in the hope of breaking through the
Federal lines, which were rapidly enveloping around them. During these
marches the soldiers were so worn out from hunger, fatigue, and lack of
sufficient clothing in the early spring weather, that there was much
straggling from the army, and many had thrown their arms away until
scarcely one-third of Lee's army was equipped for battle.
Lee's army reached Appomattox Court House late in the evening of April
8th, and here found the Federals in their front, and were compelled
to stop and prepare for battle. General Lee and his officers held a
council of war that night and decided to make a desperate effort to cut
through the Federal lines the next morning. This task was assigned to
General Gordon.
On Sunday, the 9th, Gordon made a fierce attack upon the Federals in
his front, but was finally repulsed by overwhelming numbers, and sent
word to General Lee that he could do nothing further unless he was
heavily supported from Longstreet's corps.
With the repulse of Gordon on that morning sank Lee's last hope of
breaking through the Federal lines, and he said there is nothing to do
but see Grant.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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