corporate established under, subject to the laws of, and having their principal place of business in the United Kingdom or some British possession. Well, that section, if it stood alone, says that a ship shall not be a British ship unless it belongs to owners of a certain description, and if so, it would follow by implication that she was a British ship. Sect. 19 then goes on to say, “Every British ship must be registered in manner hereinafter mentioned,” with certain exceptions. It assumes there that the ship is a British ship. It is not “every ship claiming to be a British ship,” or “seeking to be a British ship,” but it is “every _British_ ship must be registered in the manner hereinafter mentioned, except”—and then it goes on to provide for the exceptions to registration, and then having done that, it goes on to say “and no ship hereby required to be registered shall, unless registered, be recognised as a British ship.” It is upon those words that Mr. Schutt so strongly relies. Now, I desire to draw attention to the marked difference of language. Sect. 18 says, “no ship shall be _deemed_ to be a British ship, unless she belongs wholly to owners” of a certain description, while sect. 19 has “no ship required to be registered shall, unless registered, be _recognised_ as a British ship,” and then it goes on to say in that section, “and no officer of customs shall grant a clearance or transire to any ship hereby required to be registered for the purpose of enabling her to proceed to sea as a British ship, unless the master of such ship, upon being required so to do, produces to him such certificate of registry as is hereinafter mentioned; and if such ship attempts to proceed to sea as a British ship without a clearance or transire, such officer may detain such ship until such certificate is produced to him.” I think, in the first place, that sect. 19 recognises the fact that a ship may be a British ship without registration; but then it says if you are a British ship you must also be registered, and, if not, certain consequences will follow, some of which are enumerated, one being that she shall not be recognised as a British ship. What is the meaning of “shall not be recognised” is given by sect. 106, which says “whenever”—apparently equivalent to “wherever”—“it is declared by this Act that a ship belonging to any person or body corporate qualified according to this Act to be owners of British ships shall not be recognised as a British ship, such ship shall not be entitled to any benefits, privileges, advantages, or protection, usually enjoyed by British ships, and shall not be entitled to use the British flag or assume the British national character; but, so far as regards the payment of dues, the liability to pains and penalties, and the punishment of offences committed on board such ship or by any persons belonging to her, such ship shall be dealt with in the same manner in all respects