_umbel._ A flower-cluster opening from the outside, in which the branches or stems arise from one place, as the rays of an opened umbrella. _umbellet._ A small umbel, comprising part of a larger or compound umbel. _valve._ One of the integral parts into which a fruit or an anther naturally splits, or into which it is divided. _venation._ The mode or fashion of veining, as in a leaf or petal. _xylem._ Wood tissue. TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE Illustrations have been positioned between paragraphs. Illustrations without captions have had a description added, this is denoted with parentheses. The index was not checked for correct page references. Some hyphens in words have been silently removed, some added, when a predominant preference was found in the original book. Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources. Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. Pg. 13 “dstinguishes” replaced with “distinguishes”. Pg. 29 “with experiment” replaced with “with the experiment”. Pg. 46 “grow” replaced with “grows”. Pg. 50 “lop over” replaced with “flop over”. Pg. 86 “sphercal” replaced with “spherical”. Pg. 94 “Chlorohyll” replaced with “Chlorophyll”. Pg. 111 “buds of the apple and” changed to “buds of the apricot and” to match figure caption. Pg. 131 “cobea” replaced with “cobaea” Pg. 135 “tigma” replaced with “stigma”. Pg. 170 “aranged” replaced with “arranged”. Pg. 186 “acomplished” replaced with “accomplished”. Pg. 188 “is this case” replaced with “in this case”. Pp. 205,208 Corrected location of “Scion” from Pg. 205 to Pg. 208.