Carolinas, founding of the, 128 _ff._ _See_ North Carolina; South Carolina. Carpenter's Hall, 245. Carpini, 9. Cartagena, 43. Carteret, Sir George, 132, 133. Cartier, Jacques, 39. Cathay, 10. Cavalier migration, 72. Cavendish, 45. Ceuta, 20. Ceylon, 8. Chalons, 6. Champlain, 45. Charlemagne, 2. Charles I, 63, 86, 90, 91. Charles II, 125, 127. Charles V, 28, 34. Charles River, 128. Charleston, 152, 166, 232, 262. Charlestown, 95. Charlottesburg, 153. Charter, of Connecticut, 106; of Massachusetts Bay, 91, 96, 106; of Virginia, 55, 58. Chartres, Fort, 153. Chateaubriand, epigram on the Revolution, 202. Chatham. _See_ Pitt, William. Cherokees. _See_ Trade, Indian. Cherry Valley, 179. China, 5, 16. Chocktaws. _See_ Trade, Indian. Christmas festivals in Massachusetts, 116. Church, the Reformation and the Catholic, 80 _ff._ Church covenant, 96, 112, 114. City of God, Puritan ideal of the, 84. Civic virtue, religion identified with, 194; Revolutionary philosophy influenced by classic ideal of, 239. Clarendon, Earl of, 128. Clark, George Rogers, 265-67. Class conflict in the Revolution, 240. Classes. _See_ Social conditions. Clergy. _See_ Massachusetts Bay. Clinton, Sir Henry, succeeds Howe, policy of raids, 261; expedition to South Carolina, 262; driven out of North Carolina, 268; orders Cornwallis to fortify Yorktown, 269. Cliosophic Society at Princeton, 194. Coddington, William, 103. Coercive Acts, 233, 234. Colden, Cadwallader, 208, 217, 221. Coligny's colony destroyed, 39. Colleton, Sir John, 128. Colonial control, English system of, established, 134, 145, 146; in the eighteenth century, 147; attitude of Walpole and Newcastle toward, 151; effect of Austrian war on, 152; frontier defense and, 154; Seven Years' War proves inadequacy of, 157; new policy of, 203; effect of Seven Years' War on, 214; opposition to Grenville's policy of, 215 _ff._; effect of tea episode on policy of, 233. _See_ Defense. Colonial government. _See_ Government. Colonial governors. _See_ Governors. Colonial Manufactures Act, 151. Colonial rights, Franklin on, 202; Bernard contrasts English and American ideas of, 203; Stamp Act raises question of, 214; the Townshend Acts and, 227; apparent settlement of dispute over, 231; revived by the Coercive Acts, 234; fundamental reasons for dispute over, 234; breach widened by every discussion of, 237; influence of classic ideals on patriot ideas of, 239; religious spirit characterizes patriot conception of, 240; class struggle in America accentuated by dispute over, 240; unfranchised classes active in the defense of, 244; effect of the Revolutionary war on the question of, 267. Colonies, begin to be valuable, 127; important for English trade, 137; special value of the plantation type of, 138.