France in America, Coligny and Cartier, 39; Champlain, 45; exploration of the Great Lakes, 141; of the Mississippi, 143; occupation of the interior waterways, 152; contest for the Ohio Valley, 154; loss of Canada, 159. Francis I, 38, 39. Franklin, Benjamin, 161; influenced by English writers, 170, 171; religious ideas of, 198; on colonial rights, 202; drafts Albany Plan of Union, 204; defends paper money, 208; favors Board of Trade's plan for defense, 212; opposes Stamp Act, 213; examination in House of Commons, 224, 227; becomes more radical, 228; residence in England strengthens his patriotism, 235; thinks England will yield, 249; in France, 258; protests against separate negotiations with England, 271. Fraunce's Tavern, 273. Freemen, 99, 132, 173. French alliance, resolution of Congress in favor of, 252; negotiated, 258, 259; importance of, 259 _ff._ French and Indian War. _See_ Seven Years' War. French West Indies, 151, 259. Friends. _See_ Quakers. Frontenac, Count, 141. Frontenac, Fort, 142. Frontier, in Virginia, 78, 79; in Massachusetts, 115, 116, 155; in Carolina, 129; west of the Alleghanies, 153; importance of, in the eighteenth century, 174, 182, 184; foreigners settle on the, 177; Grenville's policy for the defense of the, 209, 210, 215, 217; radicalism of the, 241; Revolution supported by the, 265, 268; Treaty of 1783 and the, 271. Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina, 129. Fur trade. _See_ Trade, Indian. Galloway, Joseph, 217, 245, 246. Gama, Vasco da, 1, 26. Gates, General Horatio, 257. Gates, Sir Thomas, 56, 59. General writs, 207. Geneva, 119. Genoa, 6, 9. "Gentle folk" in the eighteenth century, 173. Gentlemen Adventurers, 46. George III, 225, 270. Georgia, occupied by the British, 262. Germans, 153, 177, 242. Germantown, founded, 178; battle of, 257. Gibraltar, 6. Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, 30, 54. Gilds, 82, 83, 87. Gist, Christopher, 154, 181. Glasgow, 223. Godolphin, Sidney, 126. Gold. _See_ Precious metals. Gold Coast, 20. Golden Hind, 43. Gomez, 32. Good Hope, Cape of, 22. Gorges, Fernando, 56, 57, 64. Gorton, Samuel, 65. Gosnold, Bartholomew, 55. Government, colonial, in the eighteenth century, 163; controlled by the "best people," 169; unequal representation in assemblies, 183; French wars strengthen assemblies, 205; plans for remodeling, 206; dispute with England opens way for democratization of, 227, 240, 247, 262; effect of the war on, 267, 268. _See_ Massachusetts, Virginia, etc. Governors, colonial, 147, 151, 152, 207. Grand Khan, 10. Graves, Admiral, 270. Great Awakening, the, 181, 186, 193. Great Barrington, 175. Green Bay, 153. Greene, Nathaniel, 269. Greenwood, John, 88. Grenville, George, colonial policy of, 203 _ff._; opposition to the measures of, 215 _ff._; opposes repeal of Stamp Act, 223; epigram on loss of the colonies by, 235. Grosseilliers, 141.