Adams, John, 111, 208; dislike of Franklin, 210; on committee to confer with Lord Howe, 214; pugnacious remarks, 215, 216; rank as diplomate, 220; remarks on Franklin in France, 235, 236; joins Lee in forcing dismissal of Williams, 266; on rum trade, 276; feeling towards France, 286; charged to request admission of United States into Armed Neutrality, 288; replaces Deane, 294; his egotism, 294; endeavors to reform French mission, 294; censorious language, 295; advises having a single minister at Paris, 296, 297; returns home, 298; financial agent in Holland, 307; inability to borrow money, 330; helped by Franklin, 331; judgment of Franklin, 337, 338; unable to appreciate his value, 339; contrast between the two men, 340; really follows Franklin, 342; his vanity, 344; envy of Franklin's popularity, 345; does not understand its value, 346; appointed commissioner to treat for peace, 349; informs Vergennes of paper money redemption in America, 350; writes an unwise defense of repudiation, 351; begs Franklin to help, 351; presents case to Congress, 354; angry at Franklin for not supporting his position, 355; on the De Weissenstein episode, 358; refuses to treat apart from France, 365, note; disapproves Oswald's commission, 374; joins with Jay in deciding to treat without consulting Vergennes, 379; arranges fisheries clause, 380, 392, 399; testimony in behalf of Franklin, 389; feud with Franklin, 390, 391. Adams, Samuel, 107, 111; distrusts Franklin, 138; opposes his nomination as agent for Massachusetts, 138; threatens to form a New England confederacy, 212; supported by Franklin, 212. "Alliance," officers of, helped by Franklin, 317. Arnold, Benedict, mission of Franklin to confer with, 210. "Art of Virtue," a receipt book for virtues, 31, 32. "Armed Neutrality," approved by Franklin, 288; vote of Congress requesting admission of the United States, 288. Austin, J. L., brings news to France of Burgoyne's capture, 270; sent by Franklin on secret mission to opposition in England, 271. Bache, Richard, marries Sarah Franklin, 203. Bancroft, Dr. Edward, tells story of Franklin's Manchester velvet suit, 191, 283; spy for England betrays Deane, 224. Beaumarchais, Caron de, his romantic career, 225; inspired by Arthur Lee to aid the colonies, 226; appeals to Louis XVI., 226; supported by Vergennes, opposed by Turgot, 227; establishes firm of Hortalez & Co. to trade with the colonies, 229; communicates with Deane, 230; project betrayed by Bancroft, 230; fails to do a successful business, 231; suspected and thwarted by Arthur Lee, 238, 239; partly paid by Congress, 241; joy at Burgoyne's surrender, 270; claims cargoes of rice and indigo, 310. Bedford, Duke of, opposes raising a colonial army, 52; irritates George III. into dismissing Grenville, 114.