Hutchinson Letters, 177-193; shown to Franklin, 177; sent by him to America under pledge of secrecy, 178; published, 179; manner of transmission unknown, 180; quarrel between Temple and Whately, 181; responsibility taken by Franklin, 182, 183; question as to honorableness of his action, 184; attack on Franklin before Privy Council, 185-191; incident ruins Franklin's standing, 193. Ignorance of English concerning America, 132, 134, 135, 137. Indians, Franklin's dealings with, 40, 44; their opinion of rum, 41; hated in Pennsylvania, 83, 87. Independence of colonies, dreaded in England, 49, 66, 79, 106; its possibility denied by Franklin, 81, 82, 83, 108, 197; foreseen by Pratt, Choiseul, Vergennes, 83; its approach recognized by Franklin, 107, 171; repudiated by Congress, 211; declaration of, 212. Internal and external taxation, dispute concerning difference, 130; identity upheld by Grenville, 130; by Townshend, 149; denied by Franklin, 130, 131. Ireland, suggested as possible member of Confederation by Franklin, 208. Izard, rank as diplomate, 220; sides with Lee against Franklin, 278; quarrel with Franklin, 279; attacks Deane and Franklin, 290; charges against Franklin, 292, 298, 399; extravagant demands for money, 297, 299, 314; letter of Franklin to, 314. Jackson, William, buys supplies in Holland, 328, 329; draws on Franklin, 329; damages American credit, 329; complications about goods, 330; his pro-slavery speech in Congress, 416. Jay, John, his "conscience" in Congress, 208; rank as diplomate, 220; humiliating situation as financial agent in Spain, 307; inability to raise money, 307, 321; helped by Franklin, 307, 322, 332, 333, 335; defers to Franklin's opinion, 342; recognizes importance of Franklin's position, 346; appointed commissioner to treat for peace, 349; sent for by Franklin to aid in treating, 370; illness, 372; insists on recognition of independence in Oswald's commission, 373; suspects Vergennes' motives, 373; is certain that Vergennes is secretly working against United States, 375; persuades Shelburne to grant the new commission, 376; wishes to negotiate without Vergennes, 378; arranges boundaries and Mississippi navigation in the treaty, 380; indignant at congressional reproof, 388; dissuaded by Franklin from replying, 388; testimony in behalf of Franklin, 390, 399; freedom from quarrels, 390; the real leader in the negotiations, 391. Jefferson, Thomas, mentioned, 212; declines mission to France, 232; appointed commissioner to treat for peace, 349; arrival in Paris, 398; succeeds Franklin, 398; describes his popularity, 398; on Franklin's calumniators, 399. Jones, John Paul, his daring exploits, 300, 301; supported by Franklin, 301; advised by him, 301. "Junto," club founded by Franklin, 34; becomes a political engine, 34, 35. Kames, Lord, 75; letters to, 77, 83.