[Footnote i-468: No. 570 (Nov. 15, 1739), No. 565 (Oct. 11, 1739), and No. 628 (Dec. 25, 1740), for example, are loaded with tributes to the effective preaching and contagious saintliness of this preacher of the Great Awakening.] [Footnote i-469: No. 618 (Oct. 16, 1740). Franklin's _General Magazine and Historical Chronicle_ contains many Whitefield references.] [Footnote i-470: _Writings_, II, 316. In general, emotional Methodism was not responsive to science as a basis for rationalistic deism, although to a considerable extent Methodism and deism synchronized in their endeavor to relieve social suffering. See U. Lee's able study, _The Historical Backgrounds of Early Methodist Enthusiasm_ (New York, 1931).] [Footnote i-471: Rev. L. Tyerman, _Life of the Reverend George Whitefield_ (London, 1876), I, 439.] [Footnote i-472: _Ibid._, II, 283-4.] [Footnote i-473: _Ibid._, II, 540-1.] [Footnote i-474: _Ibid._, II, 541.] [Footnote i-475: See H. H. Clark's "An Historical Interpretation of Thomas Paine's Religion," _University of California Chronicle_, XXXV, 56-87 (Jan., 1933), and "Toward a Reinterpretation of Thomas Paine," _American Literature_, V, 133-45 (May, 1933).] [Footnote i-476: _Writings_, IX, 520.] [Footnote i-477: _Ibid._, VIII, 561. See also IX, 506.] [Footnote i-478: Aug. 22, 1784; unpublished letter in W. S. Mason Collection. Also see _Writings_, VIII, 113; IX, 476, 488, 621.] [Footnote i-479: I. W. Riley, _American Thought from Puritanism to Pragmatism_, 76.] [Footnote i-480: Parton, _op. cit._, I, 546.] [Footnote i-481: He admonished Deborah, his wife, that she "should go oftener to Church" (_Writings_, IV, 202), and his daughter, Sarah, "Go constantly to Church, whoever preaches" (_Ibid._, IV, 287).] [Footnote i-482: _Letters to Benjamin Franklin from His Family and Friends, 1751-1790_ (New York, 1859), 10.] [Footnote i-483: Franklin's English friends, Dr. Richard Price, Joseph Priestley, Rev. David Williams, Dr. John Fothergill, Peter Collinson, Sir Joseph Banks, Jonathan Shipley, Lord Kames, Sir William Jones, et cetera, though not all deists, found Newtonian science useful in augmenting their philosophies.] [Footnote i-484: _A Discourse ..._ (London, 1775), 33. For background material on the history of this concept see L. E. Hicks, _A Critique of Design-Arguments_ (New York, 1883).] [Footnote i-485: N. Meredith, _Considerations on the Utility of Conductors for Lightning ..._ (London, 1789), 44-5. See especially the characteristic notice in _Monthly Review ..._, XLII (London, 1770), 199-210, 298-308.] [Footnote i-486: For references see B. Faÿ, _The Revolutionary Spirit in France and America_; E. E. Hale and E. E. Hale, Jr., _Franklin in France_; L. Amiable, _Un loge maçonnique d'avant 1789 ..._.] [Footnote i-487: _Writings_, IX, 436.] [Footnote i-488: W. T. Franklin ed. of Franklin's _Writings_ (London, 1818), I, 433.]