Benjamin Franklin; Self-Revealed, Volume 2 (of 2): A Biographical and Critical Study Based Mainly on his own WritingsBruce, Wiliam Cabell
History
Benjamin Franklin; Self-Revealed, Volume 2 (of 2): A Biographical and Critical Study Based Mainly on his own Writings
Bruce, Wiliam Cabell
Franklin, Benjamin, 1706-1790
The relations sustained by Franklin to the Continental paper currency we
have already seen. There was an apparent element of inconsistency in his
suggestion that it should bear interest; for interest-bearing bills, he had
contended in his _Remarks and Facts Concerning American Paper Money_, were
objectionable as currency, because it was tedious to calculate interest on
one of them, as often as it changed hands, and also because a distinct
advantage was to be gained by hoarding them.
The Continental bills depreciated so rapidly that in 1777 the price of a
bushel of salt at Baltimore was nine pounds. Three years later, the price
of a yard of cassimere in America was $300, and of a yard of jean and habit
cloth $60. Inflated as the bills were, Franklin with his cheerful habit of
mind was not at a loss to say a good word for them. There was some
advantage to the general public, at any rate, he wrote to Stephen Sayre, in
the facility with which taxes could be paid off with the depreciated
paper. Congress, he wrote to Dr. Cooper, had blundered in not earlier
adopting his suggestion that the interest on the bills should be paid in
real money.
The _only Remedy_ now [he said] seems to be a
Diminution of the Quantity by a vigourous Taxation, of
great nominal Sums, which the People are more able to
pay, in proportion to the Quantity and diminished
Value; and the _only Consolation_ under the Evil is,
that the Publick Debt is proportionably diminish'd with
the Depreciation; and this by a kind of imperceptible
Tax, everyone having paid a Part of it in the Fall of
Value that took place between his receiving and Paying
such Sums as pass'd thro' his hands.
In this same letter, Franklin declared that it was a mystery to foreign
politicians how America had been able to continue a war for four years
without money, and how it could pay with paper that had no previously fixed
fund appropriated specifically to redeem it. "This Currency, as we manage
it," he said, "is a wonderful Machine. It performs its Office when we issue
it; it pays and clothes Troops, and provides Victuals and Ammunition; and
when we are obliged to issue a Quantity excessive, it pays itself off by
Depreciation." The paper he subsequently wrote to Thomas Ruston had really
operated as a tax, and was perhaps the most equal of all taxes, since it
depreciated in the hands of holders of money, and thereby taxed them in
proportion to the sums they held and the time they held them, which
generally was in proportion to men's wealth.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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