Literature,” S. Austin Allibone, Philad., 1888, Vol. I. p. 668; “General Biographical Dictionary,” John Gorton, London, 1833, Vol. II, mentioning Wood’s “Athen. Ox.,” Hutchinson’s “Biog.-Med.,” and Aikin’s “G. Biography”; _Phil. Trans._ for 1667, Vol. II. pp. 527–531, also Baddam’s abridgments, London, 1739, Vol. III. p. 129 and London, 1745, Vol. I. p. 97. =A.D. 1601.=--Brahé (Tycho--Tygge--Thyghe--Tyge), who has been several times mentioned in this compilation and is referred to by Gilbert (“De Magnete,” Book IV. chap. xii. also Book VI. chap. v.), was a distinguished Danish astronomer (_b._ 1546, _d._ 1601), the founder of modern astronomical calculations, whose investigations and records of the positions of the stars and planets made possible the brilliant discoveries of Kepler and Newton. As Humboldt expresses it, the rich abundance of accurate observations furnished by Tycho Brahé, himself the zealous opponent of the Copernican system, laid the foundation for the discovery of those eternal laws of planetary movements which prepared imperishable renown for the name of Kepler, and which, interpreted by Newton, proved to be theoretically and necessarily true, have been now transferred into the bright and glorious domain of thought as _the intellectual recognition of nature_ (“Cosmos,” 1860, Vol. II. p. 313). As his very able biographer, Dr. J. L. E. Dreyer, of the Armagh Observatory, remarks in his admirable work (Edinburgh, 1890): “Without Brahé, Kepler never could have found out the secrets of the planetary motions, and, in the words of Delambre, ‘Nous ignorerions peut être encore le véritable système du monde.’ The most important inheritance which Tycho left to Kepler and to posterity was the vast mass of observations all which, Kepler justly said, ‘deserved to be kept among the royal treasures, as the reform of astronomy could not be accomplished without them ...’ at one breath blowing away the epicycles and other musty appendages which disfigured the Copernican system.... Tycho Brahé had given Kepler the place to stand on and Kepler did move the world!” Brahé was the first to recognize the variation, _i. e._ the inequality, in the moon’s motion. In opposition to the opinion of Sédillot, M. Biot maintains that this fine discovery of Tycho by no means belongs to Abul-Wefa, and that the latter was acquainted not with the “variation” but only with the second part of the “evection” (“Cosmos,” 1860, Vol. II. p. 222, wherein are many references to the _Comptes Rendus_ and to the “Journal des Savants”).