For _Jean Jacques d’Ortons de Mairan_, consult “Mém. de Paris” for the years 1726, 1731–1734, 1747, 1751, also abridgments of the _Phil. Trans._ by Hutton, Vol. VII. p. 637, and by Baddam, 1745 ed., Vol. IX. pp. 490–497. For _W. Derham_ (1657–1735) consult also “Nouv. Biog. Gen.” (Hœfer), Vol. XIII. p. 712; the _Phil. Trans._ unabridged, Vol. XXIV. for 1704–1705, pp. 2136–2138; Vol. XXXVI. pp. 137, 204, also the following abridgments: Hutton, Vol. V. pp. 258–263; Hy. Jones, Vol. IV. part ii. pp. 290–291; Baddam, Vol. IV. pp. 473–478. In the last-named volume is thus given an account of Mr. Derham’s experiments: “He shows (_Phil. Trans._, No. 303, p. 2136) that, having consulted what others had writ of magnets, he finds in Grimaldi’s _De Lumine et colore_ that both he and M. De la Hire (_Phil. Trans._, No. 188) had hit upon the same discovery before him.” Mr. Derham also alludes, more particularly, to the observations of Ridley, Barlow and Dr. Gilbert. For _Claudius--Claes--Arrhenius_ (1627–1694) Swedish scientist, professor at the Upsal University, consult “La Grande Encycl.,” Vol. III. p. 1107; “Dict. Biog. Suédois,” Vol. XXII. pp. 385–389. For _John Wallis_, the celebrated English mathematician (1616–1703), in addition to the above-named _Phil. Trans._, Vol. XXIII for 1702–1703, p. 1106, consult _Phil. Trans._, Vol. XII for 1677, No. 135, pp. 863–866 (meteors), also the abridged editions as follows: Hutton, Vol. IV. pp. 196, 639, 655; Hy. Jones, Vol. IV. part ii. p. 286; Baddam, London, 1739, Vol. III. p. 228 and Vol. IV. pp. 100–104 (mariner’s compass); “Nouv. Biog. Gen.” (Hœfer), Vol. XLVI. p. 530. AURORA AUSTRALIS, OR SOUTHERN POLAR LIGHT The earliest account of this phenomenon was given by Don Antonio de Ulloa, as will be seen under date A.D. 1735–1746. REFERENCES.--W. L. Krafft, “Observation,” etc., in _Acta Acad. Petropol._ for 1778, Part I. Hist., p. 45; _Phil. Trans._, XLI. pp. 840, 843; XLVI. pp. 319, 345; Chr. Hansteen, “On the Polar Lights,” London, 1827. ZODIACAL LIGHT This phenomenon, from its occasional faint resemblance to and association with the auroras, would seem to deserve mention here, though none of the conjectures formed, more particularly by Cassini, Euler, Mairan, Kepler, Laplace, Fatio de Duiller, Schubert, Poisson, Olmsted, Biot, Herschel, Delambre, Olbers or Sir Wm. Thomson attribute to it any electric or magnetic origin. In the _Report of the Proceedings of the Reale Istituto Lombardo_, 1876, however, appears the account of many observations confirmed by M. Serpieri which “demand absolutely” the conclusion that the zodiacal light “is an electrical aurora preceding and following the sun round the earth.”