REFERENCES.--“New Gen. Biog. Dict.,” London, 1850, Vol. XI. p. 177; Moréri, “Grand Dict. Hist.”; “Biog. Univ.” (Michaud), Vol. XXXIII. p. 637; “Nouv. Biog. Gén.” (Hœfer), Vol. XL. p. 614; Chaudon, “Dict. Hist. Univ.” =A.D. 1734.=--Swedenborg (Emanuel), founder of the Church of New Jerusalem, details in his “Principia Rerum Naturalium,” etc., the result of experiments and sets forth the laws relating to magnetic and electric forces and effects. The first explicit treatise upon the close relationship existing between magnetism and electricity was, however, written fourteen years later by M. Laurent Béraud (1703–1777), Professor of Mathematics at the College of Lyons. Both Swedenborg and Béraud recognized the fact that it is, as Fahie expresses it, the same force, only differently disposed which produces both electric and magnetic phenomena. In “Results of an Investigation into the MSS. of Swedenborg,” Edinburgh, 1869, p. 7, No. 16, Dr. R. L. Tafel makes following entry: “A treatise on the magnet, 265 pages text and 34 pages tables, quarto. This work is a digest of all that had been written up to Swedenborg’s time on the subject, with some of his own experiments. According to the title page, Swedenborg had intended it for publication in London during the year 1722.” The “Principia Rerum Naturalium” is the first volume of Swedenborg’s earliest great work, “Opera Philosophica et Mineralia,” originally published in Leipzig and Dresden 1734, which has justly been pronounced a very remarkable cosmogony. In the “Principia” Part I. chap. ix., is to be found his treatment of what he calls the second or magnetic element of the world; in Part III. chap. i. he gives a comparison of the sidereal heaven with the magnetic sphere, but he devotes the whole of Part II to the magnet in following chapters: I. On the causes and mechanism of the magnetic forces; II. On the attractive forces of two or more magnets, and the ratio of the forces to the distances; III. On the attractive forces of two magnets when their poles are alternated; IV. On the attractive forces of two magnets when their axes are parallel or when the equinoctial of the one lies upon the equinoctial of the other; V. On the disjunctive and repulsive forces of two or more magnets when the cognomical or inimical poles are applied to each other; VI. On the attractive forces of the magnet and of iron; VII. On the influence of the magnet upon ignited iron; VIII. On the quantity of exhalations from the magnet and their penetration through hard bodies, etc.; IX. On the various modes of destroying the power of the magnet; and on the chemical experiments made with it; X. On the friction of the magnet against iron, and on the force communicated from the former to the latter; XI. On the conjunctive force of the magnet, as exercised upon several pieces of iron;